Internal Legal Memorandum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Legal Memorandum - Term Paper Example When Jones walked over to the Colt house to complain, they set the dog on her and she narrowly missed being bitten, falling down in her panic and because of her recent hip surgery. She returned home in a complete panic and developed a nervous tic and paranoid about leaving her home The major issues raised in this case would be (a) nuisance (b) harassment (c) assault and (d) intentional infliction of emotional distress as well as (e) criminal destruction of property. The first issue arises because of the noisy parties at nights, with bright lights in the backyard and during the day, the children trying to send their balls into Jones’ birdbath. The harassment arises because of the way the Colts responded to her request to stop the nuisance activities with the threat to unleash their dog on her. The assault issue arises because the dog Sirius did indeed attack her and would have quite likely caused actual physical harm if it had not been distracted by another dog. As it is, the dog caused injuries because Jones fell down and hurt her hip that had recent surgery. The intentional infliction of emotional distress arises because of the way the Colts responded to her grievances, with animosity and an attitude of conflict rather than amity and cooperation. The l ast issue of criminal destruction of property arises because of the fence the Colts built that impeded the access to sunlight of the plants in Jones’ garden. The rule on nuisance would assess how much disturbance was caused to the Plaintiff and whether this could be deemed intrusive of her right to peace and privacy. The rule on harassment requires the plaintiff to demonstrate externally that there were hurt or injured feelings arising out of the harassment. In a case of assault, the balance would be between the forseeability of harm against the burden of preventive measures.

Classical Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classical Music - Essay Example The Enlightenment Period is characteristic of its close association to the major changes that took place in the arts. It was this period during which balance, order and structure was infused into the arts. Composers were highly impressed and gradually aspired to maintain a perfect order and balance in their music. The Classical Period (1750 - 1820) (Music History) saw artists and musicians slowly wean away from the richly bottom and styles of the Baroque period and adapted a new style that was uncluttered which catered to the realm of elegant music that was made up of a simple but systematic form and structure with good melody and perfect harmony. The music in the Classical period was filled with a lot of emotion and feelings in addition to being lighter and more personal instead of intellectual. This style was a great attraction to the composers of that time who imbibed the Classical music style which possessed greater clarity, depth in addition to simpler structures and formal mode ls. A good example of such a composition was Mozart's creation of the 'Comic Opera' which became very popular during the Classical period. During the period of the Renaissance music took a lot of liberty in making use of the musical form. During the 1300s French and secular music was quite popular. In 1330 An Italian school of music was developed in areas such as Verona, Padua and Florence etc. with composers improvised lyrics to the accompaniment of instruments such as the viola and lute. In course of time such experimentation led to a new development of contrapuntal music. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition) As humanism spread far and wide, gradually sacred music broke away from the confines of the Papacy which gave birth to a new school of composers who mastered the art of polyphony after having been trained in the Netherlands. Mozart's Contribution to Classical Music It was during the Classical Period that the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Harold C. Schonberg. W. W. Norton, 1997) lived. His father Leopold Mozart (1719 - 1787) who was a great violinist at the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg greatly encouraged his son by enhancing his musical skills. Mozart visit child prodigy who achieved much from a very young age. He was a genius par excel lance who dazzled his audiences. In 1782 Mozart composed the 'Singspiel Die Entfhrung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio), (Jan Swafford, 1992) and thereafter was no turning back as Mozart composed one masterpiece after another in different forms and genres. In fact he is on the composer to have created undisputed masterpieces that belonged to every musical genre of his times. Mozart's 'serenades, divertimenti and dance' written for the nobility became synonymous with the "Classical "age of elegance," His Serenade in G major, which the composer called Eine kleine Nachtmusik (Jan Swafford, 1992) which means 'A little night music', was the highlighted as his best. Mozart's contribution to music during the Enlightenment Period cannot be explained when considering its depth and vastness. He was a regular at the court of Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790) in Vienna where much of his greatest music was the victim. Some of His greatest works include

What Are Key Success Factors In Business Education Commerce Essay

What Are Key Success Factors In Business Education Commerce Essay Industry Environment: Presently, education industry in US is highly competitive especially due to the health of the economy. Numerous factors affect the brand name and ranking of B-schools, effects of privatization of education industry and globalization of world economy on business education. The shortage of highly qualified professors and the need to introduce soft skills into the curriculum while maintaining the analytical and concept-based courses. Bargaining power of buyers (i.e. students, employers, parents) has tremendously increased2. Students and businesses are looking for more than good rankings; they are looking to learn the most recent attributes or trends of their field. The courses at top MBA schools have been overhauled to reflect the changed business landscape. The old curriculum was geared to the slower measures of the old economy, and content were never updated. Todays MBA students dont want to pay for old-school curriculum but rather something that relates to today s market conditions. Competitors: Traditional universities and colleges that offer graduate business degrees in the area. Distance learning programs and On-line universities (for example Phoenix University) Top ranked Foreign Universities and business management schools (for example London School of Business) Training companies and consulting firms that provide hands-on training to company executives. Corporate learning divisions ( for example Motorola University) Customers: Students and their parents are the primary customers of the services offered by a school. Government sponsored students such as ROTC students. Legislators buying capabilities to increase national competitiveness and general level of education. Businesses that sponsor schools or sponsor their employees for advanced degrees. Employers that come in for campus interviews. Suppliers: Faculty and Staff members are the primary suppliers, as they are ones providing the service to the end user. Equipment and Service suppliers, People/businesses that offer specialized equipments to schools and colleges. Alumni, foundations and Government are also critical suppliers, they provide much needed funding to develop and grow. Complements: Location of Fordham GBA is a big plus; NYC is the worlds financial capital, a marketing and advertisement mecca and the fashion industry heartland of the world. Huge and diverse market of buyers and suppliers Presence of many multinational companies and educational organizations helps students and faculty get more exposure. Key Success Factors: Main success factor is to provide high quality real life knowledge and experience to its students. Providing community service and helping government achieve its target of providing better education and increasing competitiveness in the workforce. Having a good network of employers and alumni who guide students to become successful in their careers. Examine the firm. What are the goals and values of the business school? How is the business school structured? What resources and capabilities does it have? Are there capabilities that it needs to acquire/develop? The goals and values of Fordham are deeply rooted in Fordhams Jesuit tradition. Fordhams ultimate goal is to provide students with the conceptual foundation and technical skills necessary to make sound business decisions in a changing domestic and international business environment. Mission of college of business administration The mission of the College of Business Administration is to develop business professionals who can manage effectively in a range of leadership roles and who are equipped for continuous growth in the changing global environment. Located in New York City, the commercial capital of the world, the College of Business Administration is uniquely positioned to offer students the opportunity to participate in both regional and international economies3. Values Fordham values excellence in teaching and in scholarship in business education. Fordham believes in the freedom of inquiry required by rigorous thinking and the pursuit of the truth. Fordham stresses on developing and cultivating critical thinking and creativity. Fordham wants its students to understand different cultures and ways of life other than their own. Fordham wants to provide a place where students of different religions and background can interact with each other and with contemporary business cultures. Goals Achieve International recognition for academic excellence and unique innovative programs. To provide conceptual foundation and technical skill to its students. Attraction and retention of highly skilled faculty and students. To further develop connections with alumni and the corporate world. Curriculum focusing on building each students Personal Portfolio Structure, Resource Capabilities Fordham structure is currently setup to specifically address the objective of improving student satisfaction involves changing the organization structure of the GBA program. It is presently organized in a decentralized structure, offering flexibility to faculty and students. Each department is independent and enjoys autonomy giving the department head to decide their course structures. However, the faculty might be unaware of things happening in other departments thus reducing synergies among departments. Fordham enjoys the support of world class diversified faculty and staff. The location of campus is a big plus for the business college; it is in the heart of financial capital of World. A strong cohort culture among the students and alumnis creating a network effect for all the stakeholders is one of the important resource and capability. One the other resources students use is the Office of Career management for developing their resume and interview skills and to get hold of contac ts in companies. Various online groups on Facebook and LinkedIn created by Fordham students and alumnis are also beneficial to students and alumnis to interact and further their career. Fordham business school should work on its infrastructure which would help the faculties in providing actual real knowledge of business. Faculty and students should be encouraged to take initiatives that would help the college and overall experience of the students. How can the business school achieve a fit between the industry environment and the firm? What strategic changes would you recommend? Fordham Business School needs to differentiate the experience and not the education: Fordham has the advantage of location, being in Worlds financial capital. In addition to the full-time, part-time and executive MBA, Fordham also offers International Business designation, Fordham also offers a designation in: Entrepreneurship, Electronic Business, Global Sustainability, and Personal Finance Planning (Graduate School of Business). These special designation programs offer an edge to its students over other graduates and companies looking to hire new MBAs give consideration to these specialized programs. Overall the school is doing a good job to compete with its peers in the area and to maintain its brand, however the school management can work on certain areas of improvement. I recommend these strategic changes to Fordham to place itself appropriately in this industry: Flexibility in courses among various departments: Faculty and students should be encouraged to learn and adapt from new industry trends and use the latest high-tech resources to achieve those goals. Conducting research to develop the content of the degrees and skills of Graduates: Student should be encouraged to achieve an overall experience and write research papers, take part in competitions that represent business school. Encouraging alumni networking to build up relationships and to give new opportunities to students, graduates, institutions and companies alike: Business school should devote more funds and time to develop the alumni and employers network. Collaborating with the surrounding community and external partnerships to broaden the scope of the institution: Business school should reach out community members, other business school and other counterpart business schools in the area to develop better course programs. Fordham should host and encourage students to join meetings, clubs and organizations such as NSHMBAA and BHMBAA. Currently only few students are aware of these organizations, more exposure is required to students for overall development. Appendixes Fordham University Toward 2106: Integrated strategic plan, Competitive forces, Michael Porter, February 13th 2008, Fordham University: College of Business administration,

edgar allan poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allan Poe was a nineteenth century author best known for his poetry and stories of terror, grief, revenge, and death. He based his stories on the influences of his childhood through much struggling. He finally achieved success at the end of his life. Edgar Allan Poe's parents were actors. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold, was the main attraction of the acting company. His father, David Poe, Jr., was a handsome but reckless man with a never ending compulsion to drink. When Edgar was still a baby, David Poe mysteriously deserted his family. His mother died shortly afterwards. Edgar Poe and his baby sister were then separated. Edgar was sent to live with Frances and John Allan by whom he felt neglected. He was in need of a maternal figure in his life. When the Allans' moved from to Virginia Edgar became infatuated with Mrs. Jane Standard, the mother of one of his classmates. He came to her when he felt unhappy at home.. He knew her for a year when she died at the age of 31, probably insane. Edgar suffered from her death and his behavior changed. He was just beginning to realize the power of his imagination and for a time he let his grief consume him (Magill's survey). Painful as this loss was , it eventually led to the creation of one of Poe's best-loved poems, " To Helen". In 1825 John Allan inherited a fortune from a wealthy uncle. Edgar was privately tutored to enter the University of Virginia. Edgar was accepted and went off to the University Of Virginia. He thrived in the unrestrictive university atmosphere. But John Allan would not give him enough money for his education. Poe turned to gambling and drinking (Gmoser). After the first term his college career was over. He was over two thousand in debt. John Allen refused to pay these debts or allow him to go back to school. In March of 1827 Poe went to Boston where he published his first book, using a false name. Tamerlane and Other Poems were published but only forty copies were printed. With little money and few friends Poe enlisted in the U.S. Army. .Poe did not like the army so he managed to get transferred to West Point. He did not do his work there so he was kicked out .He ended up going to live with relatives. Despite Poe's talent he was unable to achieve success in ... ... Annie and Ulalume. These poems also death with the theme of death. In Annabel Lee the narrator tells how he loved the maiden and how she loved him only. Then she died just like Virginia did. Poe was probably wishing he had died instead of the ones he loved. In Eldorado, Poe is telling how you should seek heaven when you are dead. Ulslume is a poem about the narrator going back to the tomb where he buried Ulalume a year ago. The narrator wants to know if the soul of the dead has left for the heaven. In these last poem's of Poe I feel that he wants to die and be with his loved ones. after Virginia died Poe had nothing to live for. After reading Poe's works you can see how his life had a great influence on his writings. If he had not suffered so much grief the brilliance of his dark imagination probably would have never come through. Works Cited 1)Lowen, Nancy. "Poe" 2)whasington square press. "Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe" 3)Magill's Survey of American Literature. dar Allan Poe 4)Edgar Allan Poe/The work of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849. http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/sg/poe/Bio.html 5)Grolier Encyclopedia.

Report on Wateen Telecom

Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT5 Introduction:7 History:7 Company share history:8 Telecom sector dynamics:8 Structure:9 Main office:9 Business nature:9 Total number of employees:9 Vision:10 Mission:10 Corporate Values:11 wateen telecom limited overview:11 Coverage:12 Hierarchy of Wateen telecom13 Management team:15 STEPLE analysis17 Political and Legal Factors:17 Economical and Environment Factors:18 Social Factors:19 Technological Factors:19 Ecological:20 PORTER FIVE FORCES20 Threat of New Entry:21 Bargaining Power of Buyers:21 Bargaining Power of Suppliers:22 Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry:22 EXTERNAL FACTORS23 Opportunities:23 Threats:24 EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION MATRIX26 Strengths:27 Weaknesses:27 Internal Factor evolution Matrix (IFE Matrix)28 C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix29 The Space Matrix31 BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN33 INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX35 THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX36 QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX39 Key success factors:41 Corporate culture:42 An organizational culture has following elements42 Organizational values:42 STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT:44 At corporate level:44 At business unit level:44 Functional level strategies:45 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES45 Decentralization:45 Management Information System46 HR Policies in Wateen telecom49 MARKET ANALYSIS55 Target Market:57 At what stage in the product life cycle is the market:58 Market trends:59 Product61 Price62 Promotion64 Distribution65 Competitive advantage:67 Financial analysis69 Liquidity ratios:69 Leverage ratios:70 Activity ratios:70 Profitability ratios:71 Control procedures71 Marketing control:71 Quality control:72 Human resource control:72 Finance control:73 Problem section74 Main problems according to the management:74 Main problems according our analysis:74 Recommendations75 Conclusion75 â€Å"When trouble touches a man, He cries unto Us, Lying down on his side, or sitting, or standing. But when we have solved his trouble, he â€Å"passes on† his way as if he had never cried to Us for a trouble that touched him! Thus do the deeds of transgressors Seem fair in their eyes! † [10:12, Al-Quran] ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are humbly thankful to Allah Almighty who has blessed us with time and will to think, judge and execute. We are thankful to our respected teacher â€Å"Prof. G. Ahmad Rana† who guided and groomed us through his insight of the subject and industry knowledge; to our parents and friends for their encouragement and support and to management of Wateen telecom for their support in completing this project, especially Mr. Rana Abdul wahab who has been thoroughly cooperative with us. Wateen Telecom (Pvt. ) Ltd. | | Type| Public Limited| Industry| Telecommunication| Founded| 2007| Founder(s)| Abu Dhabi Group| Headquarters| Lahore, Pakistan| Key people| Naeem Zamindar (CEO)| Products| Wimax, DVB-RCS, VSAT, Optical Fiber, HFC, GPON, VoIP| Owner(s)| Abu Dhabi Group| Employees| More than 2000| Parent| Abu Dhabi Group | Website| www. wateen. com| Introduction: Wateen Telecom is the Abu Dhabi Group's latest venture in Pakistan. After the successful launch of Warid Telecom in Pakistan, which has a subscriber base of over 10 million customers in 145 cities, Wateen Telecom has been set up to become the leading â€Å"Carrier's Carrier† providing services based on quality, reliability and affordability in the communication and media sector. Wateen is committed to bring Next Generation services to your doorstep†¦ today. History: Wateen Telecom is a part of Warid Telecom International LLC, an Abu Dhabi Group company led by His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan. The group is one of the largest in the Middle East and has diversified business interests comprising oil and gas exploration, hospitality services, communications, banking, financial services, automobile industry and property development. The group has large investments and a strong presence in Pakistan. Owing to the significant patronage from the Abu Dhabi Group, Wateen Telecom, as part of the Warid Telecom International Group Company, benefits from an eminent portfolio of distinguished shareholders of Warid Telecom International L. L. C including: His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Minister for Higher Education and Chancellor of the UAE Universities| His Excellency Sheikh Suroor Bin Mohammed Al Nahayan, Chamberlain of the Royal Amiri Courts and Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi| His Highness Sheikh Hamdan Bin Zayed Al Nahayan, Member of the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Prime Minister of UAE| His Excellency Sheikh Mohammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid, Ruler Representative for the Western Region of the Emirate of   Abu Dhabi and Ex Chairman of Abu Dhabi Municipality and Town Planning| His Excellency Sheikh Saif Bin Muhammad Bin Butti Hamid Al Hamid| His Excellency Dr. Mana Saeed Al Otaiba, Advisor to the President of UAE and Ruler of Abu Dhabi (His Highness Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahayan) and Ex Oil Minister of UAE| Mr. Omar Ziad Jaafar Al Askari, Director United Bank Limited, Pakistan; President and CEO of United Technical Services, Abu Dhabi; President and CEO of United Eastern Investment Corporation; Director of Fruit of the Loom quoted on the New York Stock Exchange| M/S Electro Mechanical Company LLC, Representative of M/S Siemens in Abu Dhabi, UAE| Company share history: According to a notice issued by KSE, shares of Wateen were listed in the market starting from 8th of April. This is a provisional listing. The notice stated that the shares may get to the ready market starting from 27th May 2010. The opening rate was Rs. 10. Wateen has also offered its shares for the public subscription on 20 and 21 of April. The price per share was the same. Telecom sector dynamics: The overall teledensity in the country is 61. 9% as at Jan’10, where there are currently 95. 41 mn mobile subscribers with mobile penetration reaching 58. 2%. Total fixed line subscribers in Pakistan stand at 3. 5 mn yielding a teledensity of 2. 1%. Wireless (WLL) services are getting popular especially in rural areas and total subscribers of WLL stood at 2. 6 mn with 1. 6% teledensity as of Jan’10. The broadband industry has experienced healthy growth since last year showing subscriber growth of 55. 6% from June-09 to Dec-09. There are around 19 mn internet users which hold the potential to switch to more efficient broadband forhigh speed internet facility. Following table shows the subscribers’ growth in different telecom ; IT technologie Structure: The structure of the wateen is upper to downwards. Which move from Chief Executive Officer to onward. Main office: Wateen telecom (Pvt) ltd ADDRESS: NEW AURIGA COMPLEX, MAIN BOULEVARD, GULBERG II, LAHORE 53000 Business nature: They are doing purely the telecommunication business . The commercial launch of Wateen's mobile WiMAX services began with 22 major cities . Wateen uses MOTOwi4 WiMAX by Motorola. Other partners include Cisco, and Intel. Wateen is giving CPEi 600 & CPEi 300 to its indoor usage while CPEo400 for outdoor usage to its customers. Now offering its services on easily portable USB Dongles. Total number of employees: Wateen have more then 2000 employees in this short time period. Vision: To introduce Wateen Telecom in the European and North American markets and provide the leading telecommunications international voice services through a world-class cutting-edge network to deliver a broad range of reliable, affordable and quality customer-centric services. Mission: To provide affordable communication services that meets and exceeds customers' requirements To deliver high-quality, flexible and innovative solutions that are cost effective and conducive To provide complete customer satisfaction on time, every time Corporate Values: Simplicity: practical and easy to use Satisfaction: customer satisfaction is foremost Quality: Premier services; no compromises Innovation: Always at power to latest technology Honesty: practice what we preach: integrity, ethics and open communication | | wateen telecom limited overview: Wateen Telecom Limited was incorporated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance 1984, on 4 March 2005. Wateen’s successful four years of operations in the telecom industry of Pakistan speak for itself. Some of the business’s salient features are presented below: Wateen is the largest alternative LDI operator in Pakistan 1) Largest commercial and first nationwide 3. 5 GHz WiMAX network rollout in the world covering 22 cities and more than 1,100 sites (900 live). ) Largest operator of Satellite services in the country (c. 500+ MHz in use). 3) Wateen has one of the largest Optic Fiber network spanning over more than 10,000 km (including Government of Pakistan USF projects) across all the four provinces of Pakistan including metro connectivity in 22 cities. This network pr ovides the backbone for Wateen’s National Transmission Services. 4) Wateen with its Managed Capacity services (OFC ; VSAT) serves almost all the major GSM and telecommunication companies in Pakistan as well 86% of the Banking sector. 5) Wateen’s FTTx (for provision of Cable TV services) and Infotainment products are also being nurtured to ensure maximization of long term shareholder value. ) Sales performance has also been quite encouraging and consistent with over 20,000 monthly additions to the broadband internet and telephony subscriber base. 7) Sales growth rate has been far steeper compared to the industry average, evi-dent from the fact that Wateen enjoys over 60 percent share of the wireless broadband market. 8) Wateen recently closed the largest syndicate financing transaction for the year 2009 raising PKR 4. 7 billion from leading banks in the industry even in these challenging times showing the confidence of the market in Wateen’s business model and op erations. 9) Wateen also successfully closed one of the largest Islamic Financing deal in the same period. Coverage: Wateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities: Wateen is currently providing mainly outdoor and limited coverage in the following cities: * Abbottabad * Jhelum * R. Y. Khan * Bahawalpur * Karachi * Sahiwal | * D. I. Khan * Lahore * Sargodha * Faisalabad * Multan * Sheikhupura | * Gujranwala * Okara * Sialkot * Gujrat * Peshawar * Sukkur | * Hyderabad * Quetta * Islamabad * Rawalpindi| Hierarchy of Wateen telecom Mr. Bashir Tahir Chief Executive, Dhabi Group ; Advisor to HH Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan Mr. Tahir is a prominent and revered corporate figure who has added tremendous value to the banking, communication and real estate sectors of Pakistan. He is a Member of the Board of Wateen Telecom, Board Member and CEO of Warid Telecom International LLC and CEO of the Abu Dhabi Group which has been a key proponent in attracting private money into Pakistan. He has been honored with the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 2005 by the President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, in recognition of his pivotal role in the field of banking and private equity in Pakista Management team Naeem Zamindar – Chief Executive Officer Mr. Zamindar brings an outstanding track record of building successful companies, spanning 20 years across USA and Pakistan. He is a founding team member of Mobilink, and was a key member of the leadership team that grew Mobilink to become the leading telecom company of Pakistan. As the VP of Strategy, Business Development and Program Management Office, he led the initiative of making Mobilink an integrated telecom company by enabling the nationwide fiber optic network and through the acquisition of four companies that now form the Broadband Business Division. In his last assignment at Mobilink as the Head of the Broadband Business Division, he was responsible for the successful launch of Mobilink Infinity. Recently he has been running Zamindar Capital, a consulting and investment firm that sspecialize in leveraging technology to leapfrog social and economic development. Mr. Zamindar’s track record of scaling successful companies like Mobilink, will certainly enable him to lead Wateen to the next level of growth and opportunity. He has also been an Investment Manager at Intel Capital in the Silicon Valley where he worked on 29 venture capital investments focused on building companies in the internet/new media and wireless broadband space. He is considered to be a leading thought leader in the Wimax world, being invited as the keynote speaker at many international wireless broadband conferences. He qualified as a CPA from the State of Washington and is an MBA from INSEAD. He is also a Charter Member of TiE (www. tie. org) and a co-author of the book – â€Å"The First Mile†. He spends his spare time volunteering as Chairman of the Art of Living Foundation and teaching people to live a morepeaceful and responsible life. Furqan Qureshi – Adviser to CEO Syed Jibran Ali – Chief Commercial Officer Sajjeed Aslam – Chief Financial Officer Aamir Anwar Khan – Chief Strategy Officer Ali Khan – General Manager Enterprise ; Carrier Sales Mian  Omer  Shah – General Manager Customer Service Zafar  Iqbal   – General Manager Human Resources ; Administration Muhammad Mazhar Qayyum Butt – General Manager Government Regulations ; Regulatory Affairs Amir Munsif Khan – General Manager Information Technology Naila Bhatti – General Manager Media Shoaib Nazir – Chief Technical Officer STEPLE analysis Political and Legal Factors: The government in any country plays an important role in the operation and manufacturing products and services in terms of regulations. Following are some of the factors that could cause Wateen brands to differ materially from the expected results. These are: * Due to the unpredictable political and governmental changes rules and regulation are changed quite frequently. Currently government has increased the taxes in the telecommunication sector that will also a harder in the smooth operation of Wateen stelecom operation. * Now a day’s Pakistani environment is instable due to political clashes among political parties. Inside country war and drown attacks bomb blasting in popular areas. These issues of political instability have led to unsure environment in the country, which is a threat for any business including Wateen telecom. Before WTO implementation for deregulation of different sectors of the economy, there are two types of Regulators held by PTA; the first is called the â€Å"Economy Wide Competition Regulator† as the Monopoly Control Authority. Also the political governmental rules can not be co mpletely applicable in this sector due to the regulation authority of PTA. * Unseen and unexpected people sue on the company and wateen has to face many legal conditions and hurdles * Environment of telecom is investor friendly and has great potential to gain profit because the trend towards internet is increasing day by day and still a big gap is there but The Government has increased the tax due to huge budget deficit and low growth of economy. * These kinds of threats are obstacles and have a great effect in the way of Wateen telecom. Economical and Environment Factors: * Economic conditions are influenced by political and government policy, being a major influence affecting these can affect the Wateen telecom strategies. These can affect how easy or how difficult Wateen telecom is to be successful and profitable in the economy. * Over all economic conditions of the country is not very sound . Due to mistrust and unsecure condition and problems like terrorism in Pakistan the foreign direct investment has been declined. * This is the threat for Wateen telecom because not new investments in being carried out in this environment. * Due to inflation the cost of doing business is also gone higher. Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to 7. 9% in 2006 to 23. 3% in first quartile of 2009. This increasing ratio will hurt the buying power of the consumers that will overall reduce the demand for the products. * Pakistan has a growing upper class with relatively high per capita incomes. In late 2006, the Central Board of Revenue estimated that there were almost 2. 8 million income-tax payers in the country with 45 % people are living on 2 $ per day. * Due to the increase in poverty level the unemployment rate is going up and that is reducing the buying power of the people that is threat for Wateen brand. Social Factors: The socio cultural environment summarizes demand and tastes, which vary with fashion and disposable income, provide opportunities and threats for Wateen brand. * Due to an Islamic state people are very much strict in case of Islam if any thing against the Islam on either print or electronic media they treated as against Pakistan. People dislik e anything extra-ordinary which damage their culture. * Pakistani people are more social and want to remain in contact with their relatives who are working out of country through internet and calls. They celebrate lot of festivals like Jashn-e-Baharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. On these festivals they make calls to relative and who are in the country and out of Pakistan through calls and remain in contact through internet. This will influence the demand for the Wateen product * Increasing globalization has improved the influence of â€Å"Western culture† in Pakistan. The life style of Pakistani people is changing quickly. People are more conscious about their studies and society is moving towards education which is big room of expansion for the Wateen telecom. Technological Factors: Advances in technology can have a major impact on business success. Technological change impacts socio cultural attitudes as well as on economy. * The Companies with technology can compete and they are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand coverage but also to upgrade their existing systems. The current focus in cellular industry is coverage and establishing franchises which has a positive effect on the Wateen brand. * Technology is changing much faster than wateen’s technology change. wateen is using HFC (hybrid fiber coaxial) technology which goes obsolete and wateen had to introduce G-Pon (gi gabit pon) technology. Ecological: During bad weather condition Wireless goes bad because its signals became low. Similarly recent flood in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhah had destroyed a lot of fiber which creates loss to wateen and whole telecom sector. PORTER FIVE FORCES Porters model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and the way they change. Threat of New Entry: It is not easy to enter in this capital intensive sector of the Telecommunication industry. So, the threat of new entrants is low. Though the growth and potential of the sector look very attractive, still it is very difficult to take risk for a new investor because the penetration in the market would be very difficult. †¢ As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case of telecommunication sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. As set-up cost is in billions of dollars so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. †¢ As for this business companies need a well established distributions and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of customers in this case is very high because of the low switching cost in the industry. There are attractive substitutes available to the buyer even in the form of keeping the same cell phone number but changing the service provider. It makes very difficult for the market players to retain their customers. I think the brand loyalty can only be created through superior marketing campaigns and service. †¢ Power of buyer is high in telecommunication sector. There are six market players and players are offering different packages at different prices and a situation of price war is running. Buyers have a power to buy any package which is suited to them. †¢ Cost of switching from one company package to other company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: This is a type of industry where, at least in present times, the bargaining power of suppliers is at the low level because of the nature of inputs for the business. Moreover, with the deregulated and friendly environment given by the government of Pakistan, the industry has become more competitive and quality services driven. †¢ The power of suppliers is low in case of telecommunication sector. But the fact is that numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products: Although the cell phone subscribers are more than 95 million perform ance trade off are the most important to consider in determining the threat of substitutes. Actually, just the subscription of cell phone service is not enough for a company to get optimal profits but the real challenges is that how many existing customers are using the service regularly for incoming as well as outgoing calls. The quality of service is the parameter. Government also gave so many land lines and wireless local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless local loop, GO CDMA etc. hese services in future will be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry: When the competition is fierce, obviously the competitive rivalry will be at the highest level. The very high level of competitive rivalry among the major players of the cell phone sector is clearly observable. Just look at the advertisement campaigns of the rivals and you can see how intense the competition is. It looks like a battle for supremacy going on between the rivals. All means of attracting new and potential switching customers are being used by all the competitors to gain as much market share as they can. Exit barriers, industry growth, product differences, brand identity, and diversity of rivals are the main reasons of very high competitive rivalry in this case. Currently there are six market players but in future they will be eight and nine or even more. EXTERNAL FACTORS Opportunities: * Remote access: The biggest opportunity in Pakistani market is that there are certain areas where the services of competitors (cable operators) can not reach due to the topography of the terrain. In those areas there are sufficient people who need the services the company plans to offer. So, there are sufficient unmet needs in the market which can be catered through the service. Inflexible existing services: In some areas the existing cable providers are not offering sufficient channels to satisfy the customer. The DTH service is promising as it would provide exactly what customer needs. * Growth in the market: The market for entertainment is growing with the growth of middle income segment in Pakist an. These customers are increasingly demanding better services as far as entertainment is concerned. * People’s trend * Cheap labor * Corporate clients are big opportunity for Wateen telecom. * Targeting youngsters by improving gaming and webpage. We have got guarantees from the Govt. that we wont be getting any competition that is why Wateen is going in these areas to expand its range Threats: Legislative environment: The independence of media is under scrutiny from the government. It is difficult to predict if there might be any legislation regarding DTH which could hamper the full advantages of the service. PEMRA might impose bans on channels as it did to cable. So, negative legislative developments remain a threat to the success of the service. * Downturn in economy: The down turn in Pakistani economy might have impact on disposable income of the population which might not be inclined to spend much on the entertainment activities. General well being of economy always has favorable impact on all the businesses and the DTH service would not be an exception. Little potential differentiation: It is expected that other competitors would enter the market. It might start price war between Wateen Telecom and potential competitors. In that case there would be very less differentiation Wateen would be able to offer given the nature of the service. * Increased bargaining power of suppliers: The Company would need vital alliances with suppliers and other partners. They might be suppliers of the competitors. Suppliers’ bargaining power might increase in that case making input costs high and leaving the company in difficult position. * Uncertain demand: It is very difficult to estimate the exact demand for the service. There might be variation which could result in losses for the company. Employee retention: The company might lose its key personnel to other competitors once they enter the market for DTH. So, retention of good staff would remain a challenge and losing it would always present a threat. * ? Short product life cycle: The Company would have to continually innovate given the nature of the industry. Fast pace of technological developments might render the service obsolete in few years and it might be replaced by more advanced technology. * Terrorism: The biggest threat that Wateen has ever faced so far is actually terrorism. Terrorism not just only affects the common man but the corporate as well. Wateen is facing the same situation; it is getting more and more difficult to convince them about the safety of the business. Political instability: is still in the top 10 list. Long marches, curfew, processions, and the never ending game of Music Chair are still a threat to Wateen. Political instability leads to the crash of the stock exchange, where stockholders think that time has come to withdraw. Not to mention rumors of bankruptcy can easily make the company from a millionaire to a zero. Wateen has to make sure where it is p lacing its foot so as to at least survive in the chaotic situations. But Wateen is not going to let these things get in their way of progress. Their aim is to make Pakistan the most progressed in the field of internet. * Advance change in technology is also a threat for them. EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION MATRIX: Analysis utilizing an External Factor Evaluation Matrix can be very helpful in determining the severity of threats and opportunities to Wateen Telecom. By assigning weights to each threat and opportunity, one can calculate an overall rating that signifies where the firm stands in the industry relative to the factors analyzed. An EFE Matrix for Wateen Telecom follows Sr. #| Key External Factors| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| | OPPORTUNITIES| | | | 1| Remote access| 0. 13| 3| 0. 39| 2| Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 3| Targeting youngsters| 0. 08| 3| 0. 24| 4| Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 4| 0. 32| 5| Cheap labor| 0. 04| 3| 0. 12| | Infrastructuredevelopment| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| | THREATS | | | | 1| Short product Lifecycle| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 2| Downturn in economy| 0. 11| 3| 0. 33| 3| Terrorism| 0. 12| 2| 0. 24| 4| Advance change in technology| 0. 08| 1| 0. 08| 5| Uncertain demand| 0. 04| 2| 0. 08| 6| Employee retention| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| | TOTAL| 1| | 2. 64| Strengths: Related Business: Wateen Telecom is already into telecom business and has developed managerial and technical capabilities. Geographic presence: The Company is geographically present in wide areas. It has already a diverse customer base in various areas. There is no such competitor who has such a wide ranging presence in the country. Innovation: The Wimax is an innovative addition to the service as far as Pakistani market is concerned. It is in line with the policy of the company to tap the markets where consumers’ needs are not being addressed. 4 G technology: wateen is first company of Pakistan having a 4 G technology. Extensive distribution channels: Wateen has extensive distribution channels for the distribution of its new service. Market oriented: Company’s comparative advantage lies in already accumulated knowledge, experience and data in the field. Financial muscle: Wateen has sufficient resources to invest in the new project. Weakn esses: Nepotism: nepotism and favoritism is the weakness of wateen Unskilled workforce: Specialized training is required for workforce and management to cope with new challenges emerging from the introduction of the new service. No existing alliances: The company is making alliances with certain new suppliers for the equipment etc. which, at present it does not have. Cannibalization: The Company has also launched cable service for some areas. Due to launch of DTH these services are cannibalize each other. High turnover rates: The Company has not been able to retain good employees for long term. It would also hamper the ability of the company to handle the launch of new service successfully if the turnover is high. Internal Factor evolution Matrix (IFE Matrix) The Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix works similarly to the EFE Matrix. The IFE Matrix measures the internal strengths and weaknesses of Wateen Telecom, again by assigning numerical ratings to each factor. | Strengths| Weight | Rating| Score| 1| Related business| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| 2| Geographic presence| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 3| Innovations| 0. 13| 4| 0. 52| 4| 4 G technology| 0. 09| 3| 0. 27| 5| Extensive distribution channel| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 6| Market oriented| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 7| Financial muscle| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| | Weaknesses|   |   |   | 1| Nepotism | 0. 12| 1| 0. 12| 2| Unskilled work force| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| No existing alliances| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 4| Cannibalization| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 5| High turnover rates| 0. 1| 1| 0. 1| | Total:| 1|   | 2. 56| Explanation of IFE: In the IFE Matrix, the strengths are relative to the internal environment of the firm, whereas the weaknesses are a reflection on how the firm interacts with the external environment. the internal factor evolution matrix of Waeteen is indicating the weighted Score of 2. 55 which is indicating that company have internally strong position because 2. 5 score will indicate that company have internally average position but Wateen has more than 2. 5. Wateen Telecom C. P. M- Competitor Profile Matrix No. | Core competencies| Industry weight age| Wateen telecom| PTCL| World call| | | | Rating| Total| Rating| Total| Rating| Total| | Innovations| 0. 20| 3| . 60| 3| . 60| 3| . 60| | Related business| 0. 1| 4| . 4| 4| . 4| 3| . 3| | Technology| 0. 15| 3| . 45| 3| . 45| 3| . 45| | Financial muscle| 0. 07| 3| . 21| 4| . 28| 4| . 28| Extensive distribution channel| 0. 08| 3| . 24| 4| . 32| 3| . 24| | Remote access| 0. 13| 1| . 13| 3| . 39| 2| . 26| | Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 3| . 30| 2| . 20| 1| . 1| | Targeting youngsters| 0. 09| 2| . 18| 2| . 18| 1| . 09| | Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 2| . 16| 2| . 16| 1| . 08| | Total| 1| | 2. 67| | 2. 98| | 2. 40| Explanation: We can interpret from competitive profile matrix that PTCL is working much better in competition and WATEEN and PTCL both are above average while world call is below average in competition. | Strength 1. Related Business 2. Geographic presence 3. Innovation 4. Financial muscle 5. Extensive distribution channels 6. Market oriented 7. 4 G technology| Weaknesses: 8. Nepotism 9. Unskilled workforce 10. No existing alliances 11. High turnover rates 12. Cannibalization| Opportunities: 13. Remote access 14. Inflexible existing services 15. Growth in the market 16. People’s trend 17. Cheap labor 18. Corporate clients 19. Targeting youngsters | S. O strategies 1. Expand their market in remote areas (S4, O1). 2. Increase their market share in related business through distribution (S1,S5,O3)| W. O strategies 3. Through alliance they can cater more corporate clients and provide satisfactory services to consumer(W3,O6 and O2) 4. | Threats: 1. Legislative environment 2. Downturn in economy 3. Little potential differentiation 4. Increased bargaining power of suppliers 5. Uncertain demand 6. Employee retention 7. Short product life cycle 8. Terrorism 9. Political instability 10. Advance change in technology | S. T strategies 1. Create more differentiation through innovation and technology (S3,S7,T3)| W. T strategies 2. Through improving workforce they can enhance their differentiation(W2,T3) 3. Better working conditions can enhance employee retention(W4,T6) | Axis X| Internal Strength Position| External Strength Position| | Competitive Advantage| Industry strength| Market ShareCustomer LoyaltyTechnological know-howControl over supplier| (Worst -6, Best -1)-2-3-3-3| Technological know-howResources utilizationEase of entryCapacity utilization| (Worst +6, Best +1)+4+3+4+3| | Average Score = -2. 75| Average Score = +3. 5| | Total X-Axis Score = 0. 75| Axis y| Financial Strength| Environment Strength| | ROILeverageLiquidityCash F lowWorking capital| (Best +6, Worst +1)+1+2+1+1+1| InflationTechnologyBarrier to entryRisk involve in business| (Worst -6, Best -1)-4-2-2-4| | Average Score = +1. 2| Average Score = -3| | Total Y-Axis Score = -1. 8| The Space Matrix Competitive (0. 75,-1. 8): Conservative Aggressive Defensive Competitive -1. 8 +6. 00 -6. 00 -6. 00 +6. 00 0. 75 Explanation: Wateen telecom lies in competitive quadrant of SPACE matrix so the recommended strategies are following: * Backward, forward, horizontal integration * Market penetration, market development, product development and joint venture BCG MATRIX FOR WATEEN STAR Wiamax High frequency cable (HFC) Optic fiber cable Hosted data centre (HDC), Hosted contact centre (HCC) Industry Growth Relative Market Share Explanation: This is a strategy tool that guides resource allocation decision on the basis of market share and growth rate of SBUs. The B. C. G matrix divides organizations into four different categories. These are as follows: Cash Cows: Which have high market share but low opportunity for growth like optic fiber cable have been classified as Cash cow because it does have a high market share. Stars: Which have high market share and high opportunity for growth based on the above, i-max has been classified as Star product because it has a high market share which is 4 percent each and industry is charged with high growth. Question marks: Which have high opportunity for growth and low market share like high frequency cable are Question Marks because they have a very low market share although an attractive industry. Dogs: Which have low market share and low opportunity for growth, In the case of Wateen‘s hosted data centre and contact data centre have low market share and growth is stagnant in the industry as well. INTERNAL EXTERNAL MATRIX | Internal Factors Evaluation| External FactorEvaluation| | Strong(3. 0 to 4. 0)| Average(2. 0 to 2. 99)| Weak(1 to 1. 99)| | High (3. 0 to 4. 0)| | | | | Medium(2. 0 to 2. 9)| | Wateen Telecom | | | Low(1. 0 to 1. 99)| | | | IFE: 2. 64 EFE: 2. 56 Note: * The Quadrant 1,2 and 4 suggest the grow and build * The quadrant 7,5 and 3 hold a nd maintain * The Quadrant 6,8 and 9 suggest harvest or divest Wateen telecom lies in Quadrant 5 that means they should try to hold and maintain. The above I. E matrix is based upon the calculations made in both internal and external factor evaluation matrices, so the external factors are weighted as per the observations and perceptions and in hold and maintain quadrant there are two commonly employed strategies market penetration and product development. THE GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX The Grand Strategy Matrix is one the techniques for developing a comprehensive strategy formulation framework for the organization. The grand strategy matrix based on the analysis of external factors evaluation affecting the organization is presented as follows; In case of wateen telecom is: Rapid market growth Quadrant 2Quadrant 1 Quadrant 3Quadrant 4 Strong competitive position Weak competitive position Wateen Telecom Slow market growth Company is in lying in the fourth quadrant because it has competitive position in the relatively slow growth market. So the preferred strategies for the Wateen would be related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint ventures. Quadrant I Firms or divisions located in this quadrant are in excellent strategic position and can afford to take advantage of external opportunities in several areas and can do it aggressively. Firms here in rapid growth industry and have strong competitive position. The appropriate strategies for the firms in this quadrant are; i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. Forward Integration v. Backward Integration vi. Horizontal Integration vii. Related Diversification Quadrant II Firms or divisions positioned in this quadrant need to evaluate their present approach to marketplace seriously. The appropriate strategies for firms in this quadrant are; i. Market Development ii. Market Penetration iii. Product Development iv. Horizontal Integration v. Divestiture vi. Liquidation Quadrant III The firms or divisions in this quadrant compete in slow growth industries and have weak competitive positions. The appropriate strategies for the firms are; i. Retrenchment ii. Related Diversification iii. Unrelated Diversification iv. Divestiture v. Liquidation Quadrant IV Firms or divisions in this quadrant have a strong competitive position but are in a slow growth industry. The appropriate strategies for the firms are; i. Related Diversification ii. Unrelated Diversification iii. Joint Ventures Wateen telecom lies in quadrant four so here it appropriate strategies for wateen are related diversification, unrelated diversification and joint venture. QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING MATRIX No. Key factors| weight | Market Penetration| Joint venture| | | OPPORTUNITIES| | AS| ATS| AS| ATS| | | | Remote access| 0. 13| 2| 0. 26| 3| 0. 39| | | 1. | Focus on corporate clientage| 0. 10| 2| 0. 20| 3| 0. 30| | | 2. | Targeting youngsters| 0. 08| -| -| -| -| | | 3. | Expand its ranges | 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| | | 4. | Cheap labor| 0. 04| 4| 0. 08| 3| 0. 12| | | 5. | InfrastructureDevelopment| 0. 06| 2| 0. 12| 4| 0. 24| | | 6. | THREAT | | | | | | | | | Short product Lifecycle| 0. 09| 2| 0. 18| 3| 0. 27| | | | Downturn in economy| 0. 11| -| -| -| -| | | | Terrorism| 0. 12| -| -| -| -| | | | Advance change in technology| 0. 08| 2| 0. 16| 3| 0. 24| | | | Uncertain demand| 0. 4| -| -| -| -| | | | Employee retention| 0. 07| 3| 0. 21| 3| 0. 21| | | | TOTAL| 1| | | | | | | | STRENGTHS| | | | | | | | | Related business| 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| 3| 0. 3| | | | Geographic presence| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| | | | Innovations| 0. 13| 2| 0. 26| 3| 0. 39| | | | 4 G technology| 0. 09| -| -| -| -| | | | Extensive distribution channel| 0. 06| 3| 0. 18| 3| 0. 18| | | | Market oriented| 0. 05| -| -| -| -| | | | Financial muscle| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| | | | WEAKNESSES| | | | | | | | | Nepotism | 0. 12| 2| 0. 24| 2| 0. 24| | | | Unskilled work force| 0. 07| 2| 0. 14| 3| 0. 21| | | | No existing all iances| 0. 08| -| -| -| -| | | | Cannibalization| 0. 8| -| -| -| -| | | | High turnover rates| 0. 1| 2| 0. 2| 3| 0. 3| | | | Total:| 1| | 2. 93| | 3. 84| | | Explanation: We have compared the joint venture and market penetration strategy on the biases of weight and rating given to each key component. So joint venture has got more score than the market penetration so we suggest the Wateen telecom should follow the joint venture strategy. Key success factors: Following are the key seccess factors any organization must posses in order to succeed in the industry: * Expertise and proficiency in related technology * Appropriate research and development * 2nd largest provider of wireless technology Largest WiMAX provider worldwide. * Using latest technology in their departments. (Oracle 10g, R12, 11i, and HRLS) * Their motivated man power * Highly friendly environment * Reputation in fair dealing ‘B to B’ * Highest market share in Wi-max Corporate culture: At Wateen they have a unique environment to work for since it houses a diversity of skills, backgrounds, viewpoints and experiences from around the world. It is ensured that hiring is based on merit, skill and ability, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental disability, military or veteran status, marital status, or any other classification. Wateen Telecom is building and integrating the next generation of intelligent, converged networks with a plethora of key services and differentiators in the market. The primal objective is to become a carrier’s carrier and provide turnkey solutions for all customer requirements and specifications. At Wateen Telecom we are seeking innovative and intelligent people to help us design, market, sell and support our innovative ; intelligent product portfolio to a diversified evolving market. We strive to hire only the best, create an exhilarating work environment and above all else, respect each individual's unique contributions. An organizational culture has following elements * Organization environment: * Organization values: Organizational rites rituals, and customs: Organizational values: Here are a few programs that demonstrate Wateen efforts to translate customer needs into better service and Wateen commitment to making a long-term positive impact on the countries we operate i n: Working towards diversity: Diversity is key to our working environment. We employ people from a variety of backgrounds, with a wide variety of skills and training. Ethnicity/nationality: Diversity at Wateen must reflect the multi-cultural capacity of the societies in which the Wateen Group operates Gender: We believe that encouraging an appropriate work-life balance is key to ensure that both men and women excel at Wateen Developing our people: Wateen offers extensive opportunities for learning. In addition to on-the-job training and transfers between different locations we offer a wide selection of external courses, e-learning programs and leadership training programs. Organization rites, rituals, and customs: Loyalty, impartiality and conflict of interests Wateen respects the individual employee's right to a private life and private interests, but demands openness and loyalty to the group and the group's interests. You shall not take actions or have interests that make it difficult to perform your work objectively and effectively. Service to Wateen should never be subordinated to personal gain and advantage. Conflicts of interest should, wherever possible, be avoided. You shall never take part in or attempt to influence a decision or settlement if there is a conflict of interest or other circumstances exist, which could give grounds to question one's impartiality. Confidentiality Every employee in the group has a duty of confidentiality by law and written agreement. You shall keep confidential all corporate and other matters that could provide third parties unauthorized access to confidential information, and exercise caution when discussing internal affairs so as to avoid being overheard by unauthorized persons. Equal treatment: Wateen strictly adheres to the principle relating to equal treatment of shareholders Organizational change and stress management: World is watching fast technological changes and there is a rapid change in designs and technologies in products. So it is very important to move with latest technologies which increase the cost of production. So Wateen always come up with the change and for this purpose they always train there people for the change to reduce stress. Work stress and its management : We always train them to be stresses free. Because stress results in decreased job satisfaction, reduced production, and increased conflicts. STRATEGIES UNDER TAKEN AT: * Corporate Level * Business Unit Level * Functional Level At corporate level: The main objective of the business is to earn high revenues and high financial growth. In order to achieve such an objective the firm applies competitive strategy. The firm relies heavily on the business side demand of the product Being not old company the Wateen telecom is following build and grow strategy at corporate level At business unit level: On the business unit level Wateen is applying the diversififaction strategy’ so that it can enhance its product portfolio. In recent times it is evident since it launched its new product like broadband and wi. max. The corporate level strategy acts as a guideline for business unit level strategies at Wateen as corporate strategy is to grow and develop the high growth financially, so based upon which business unit level strategy pursues the same through diversification of products. Which at the end ensures many products to be ‘order qualifiers’ and most of them are sliding towards ‘order winners’. Functional level strategies: Functional level strategies are basically based upon ‘SCMC’ which stands for ‘sales channel and marketing control’. The main responsibility of this department is to coordinate all the marketing activities and sales channel to ensure maximum efficiency in the operation of the distribution channel. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Decentralization: In Wateen they don’t treat their employees as someone who works for them, actually they all are treated as family members. Every manager is empowered to make any decision and is responsible and is an owner of each and everything that is happening underneath them. Once that happens then you have the liberty to make any kinds of decision what ever they want. At the end of the day the organizations require just one thing; that the employee somehow convinces the top management by giving them their plan. The plan has to be based on some data and that data is what makes forecasting for your entire department. Once that plan is approved second step is the implementation of that plan. The employee needs to implement it and Wateen needs to come up with results. In Wateen all the managers are given the opportunity, through this they get the chance of learning because of the horizontal hierarchy. The employee interacts with all the departments and there is a great learning experience. End result is this, good or bad, the employees are the personally responsible for the results. Wateen doesn’t believe in micro management. The employee discusses the matter with assistant manager and then he talks about the matter with the segment managers. Abu Dhabi group Relations with ministry of IT( top of all the regulatory authorities) Relations and liaison with all security agencies in Pakistan. Mr. Faisal is also looking after the relations with all the telecom operators in Pakistan. His relationship, my business development, my company’s future planning and forecast (long term and short term) it is him who is looking after these departments. He has a manager for Govt. relations, PTA, PAMRA, and Ministry of IT and couples others. Further more they have 3 to 4 persistent managers in their teams. These assistant managers then have senior executives then they have executives then they have junior officers. So it’s a whole work force which is supporting a manger that is looking after the entire department. So all the matters are discussed with head of that department/segment and they can come with any kind of criticism being a 360 degree kind of interaction. Once they have decided something next thing is this that the managers give them a time line e. g. if there will be weekly, monthly or quarterly reports, they all must be 100%. In between them there is no relation between a manager and an employee. Telecom industry is a very close knit industry; the managers after the meeting leave the matters to the employees, of course if there is a problem they are ready to help each other. Management Information System Support system: Support consists of Maintenance and Monitoring services. Maintenance services include traditional break-fix support such as troubleshooting and incident restoration within agreed upon service levels. Clients benefit through a reduction in cost and risk of IT support. These benefits are achieved through Wateen Telecom‘s depth of skills, adoption of best practices and economies of scale. Incident Management: is the process of controlling reported issues through to completion to achieve service continuity. When an issue is reported Wateen Telecom will do what ever it takes to restore the network as rapidly as possible. Reactive Problem Management is the process of analyzing the technology environment to establish what caused the incident. We provide diagnostics and resolution recommendations as well as managed vendor access. Moves, Ads, Changes and Deletions: supports asset moves within client environments. Clients control the change process through owning risk management and scoping. Monitoring services form the foundation of complex managed services and should be purchased in addition to break-fix maintenance. To monitor technological environments in-house clients need to invest in costly systems and resources. Outsourcing this support function is often a financially viable alternative. Event Management: Is the proactive monitoring of devices and applications to assure exceptional quality of service through network health and security. Performance Reporting: is available to clients through the online portal. Clients have access to a wide range of automated reports relating to the history, trends, health, usage and exceptions of all monitored devices. Configuration Item Tracking: is the monitoring of client technology assets in order to provide visibility of details and locations of the supported estate. Clients are notified of changes in the environment on priority basis, Improve system: The Improve function focuses on ensuring that client IT strategy, architecture and systems Evolve to support the business strategy. A thorough understanding of the required systems is essential in order to deliver the business strategy successfully. We assist clients in aligning IT investments with business objectives through Truly understanding: he client’s business vision, goals and strategy Assessing the capability: of the client’s existing infrastructure, systems and processes to support the business goals Preparing a technology roadmap: which shows a clear path to efficiently advance the client’s current systems to meet future business needs Wateen Telecom’s technology: and industry expertise enables clients to cost effectively invest in new or redeploy existing IT infrastructure in a timely way to support new business initiatives. The benefits are derived through: Business Awareness: is achieved through the analysis of client business strategy and direction, and an awareness of the need to accomplish the most effective use of technology to deliver the business strategy. Technology Strategy Reviews: are completed to assess the ability of the current Technology Strategy to support the achievement of the client’s business strategy and direction. Roadmap Management: is the periodic review of existing IT Architecture. The purpose is to evolve the roadmap to cost effectively progress the current IT Architecture over the medium to long term, to see to it that it is capable of supporting current and future business strategy. IT Performance Measurement: the assessment of the current level of performance of services provided by the IT department to internal and external clients. Service Efficiency Recommendations of the most appropriate course of action to improve current services are included. Manage: In the Manage function, Wateen Telecom provides a set of ITIL aligned service elements to improve the quality of service in client environments. These services focus on obtaining the optimal potential of the current infrastructure and are divided into two categories. Service Support is the day-to-day operation and support, whilst Service Delivery is the long term planning and improvement of technological environments. | Service Support system: Problem Management is the minimization of the impact of infrastructure errors. Clients have greater infrastructure availability as a result of pro-active resolution of root cause problems. Change Management is the control of infrastructure changes to minimize service disruption, limiting the impact of change results in optimal service delivery. To enhance and preserve stability and security of the client’s IT infrastructure, Wateen Telecom takes ownership of change recommendations, approvals, deployments and testing. Configuration Management is the control of all components of the IT infrastructureused in the delivery of services. Recommendation reporting enables clients to gain optimal business benefits from technology. Release Management is the administration of new software rollouts and hardware releases. Clients extract maximum benefit from infrastructure through the limitation of release related impact on system uptime. Service Delivery system: Availability Management: is the process of meeting and exceeding service availability goals. To achieve the set business requirements all devices have to be fully functional, to this effect Wateen Telecom executes additional proactive monitoring processes. Capacity Management is the optimization of technology resources within contracted service levels. The capacity of devices and systems are monitored against predefined thresholds and results analyzed to identify areas of concern. Third Party Management: is when we undertake to engage with partners and vendors to achieve contracted service levels. Clients have a single point of contact for all issues from start to finish. IT Service Continuity Management: includes disaster recovery processes that ensure Wateen Telecom achieves and exceeds contracted HR Policies in Wateen telecom Human Resource: HR is another important microeconomic factor affecting the research work. R ; D require proper HR personnel who have the ability to get the required information from the market. They should have the ability to deal with all sorts of public and situations in order to get their work done. Proper HR is the guarantee for good research work and it is the responsibility of HR department to design jobs and hire appropriate personnel’s. Competitive Pay: Wateen’s pay and benefits programs reflect how much the employees and their families are valued. These programs are among the most comprehensive and competitive in our industry. Wateen pay practices are designed to attract, motivate, retain and reward employees with competitive base pay complemented with short-term and long-term incentives. Wateen believes in compensating employees in a manner comparable to our competitors in the industry. Wateen also fosters a pay-for-performance culture that provides employees with opportunities to earn higher levels of compensation and receive rewards tied to company, team and individual performance. Comprehensive Employee Benefits Wateen makes a significant investment in employee benefits, an important part of each employee's total compensation. The benefits program is reviewed each year to ensure that the plans are cost effective and continue to provide competitive benefits meeting the needs of our employees and their families The bar is set competitively high. If you believe that you can make positive contribution in Wateen’s endeavors by adding value to your discipline or area of work, we look forward to hear from you and to welcome you into the Wateen Family. Packages for Employees: The wateen management is aware of the fact that only a satisfied worker can provide the required level of services to the customers. The branch firmly believes that a highly motivated and well-trained workforce is the key factor to success. So, staff salaries have been increased. Managing emotion at work: Emotions at work are very hard to handle and in order to manage emotions of the employee working at wateen there are always different programs that are conducted to settle the emotions and control the emotional atmosphere in the organization. With a lot of training they develop the ability that employees can understand and manage their emotions and we help them to reduce stress, enabling them to take better decisions and to be confident. Employee’s motivation: Employees are the real asset of the organization so if they are motivated then off course they will work in a better way. At wateen we motivate our employees in many ways. * We provide very friendly and cooperative environment. * Soft skills training (Daily) * Games and different recreational activities * Foreign tours (top level managers) * Annual leave (Leave with pay) * Ramzan parties * Weekly Lunch of each department * Incentives,Bonus and promotion * Top Performer award (quarterly) * Appriciation Team management: At Wateen team management is very important because every department of the organization works in team there are small groups as well as large groups. * Small groups. 2-10 * Large groups. 20-100 * These large groups are compromised of different skillful people, who come together to work on a specific target set for them. * Every group is lead by a professional. * The head of the group is selected by the Leader of that department respectfully. * All the members work together and hard to achieve the goal. 1) Job Analysis a) Job description b) Job specification 2) Compensation a) Salary structure b) Benefits/ incentives c) Holidays / vacations, paid leaves 3- Job adds 1) Job Analysis Wateen Telecom does job analysis in case of: a) Starts new projects b) On job leaving Some examples of Job description and Specification in wateen telecom. Job Title: Assistant Manager Quality Assurance Job description: †¢Leading a team of executives responsible for the quality of the contact center operations. †¢Evaluating team’s performance on Daily/Weekly/Monthly basis. †¢Ensuring that proper procedures of feedback are being followed Job Specification: †¢He is Masters Degree holder. 2 years experience in Contact Center Operations. †¢He has excellent communication, presentation and negotiation skill. †¢Multi-task, maintain a high standard of service & quality. He has ability to stress, time management Department: CEO Office Job Title: CEO Office Manager: Job Description: †¢Supervise CEO Office staff in their tasks. Direct & Coordinate operations of the CEO Office. †¢Direct & encourage team members to achieve their goals. Job Specificat ion: †¢He is Bachelor degree in marketing He has ability to maintains organizational culture (telecom environment) Compensation: â€Å"Compensation is the process of giving the reward to the labors against getting services from them† Competitive Pay: Wateen’s pay and benefits programs reflect how many the employees and their families are valued Salary Structure: Job Position: Top Level Exceptional Cases) Net Salary: Up to Rupees. 800,000/- Per Month& Normally Rupees(450,000-500,000) Per Month Job Position: Middle Level Net Salary: Normally Rupees (30,000-100,000) Per Month. †¢ Job Position: First Line Level Minimum Salary: Rupees. 18,000/-Per Month Benefits / Incentives †¢Pick and drop services †¢Mobile allowance †¢Medical facility †¢10% of gross salary †¢Car facility †¢1 extra salary †¢Bonuses †¢Gifts †¢Cinema tickets †¢Swimming pool facility †¢Mess at Freddie's †¢Gloria Jeans Holidays, Vacations In Wateen Telecom the procedures of holidays, vacations ; paid leaves are the following: †¢20 Annual Paid Leaves †¢10 Medical Laves †¢10 Casual Leave Training types Wateen Telecom is providing five types of training to their employees to enhance their performance. These are: a- Job Orientation b- Positive attitude c- Soft skills d- Technical training (daily basis) Methods of Training: There are many methods for giving the training are adopted by the Wateen Telecom. These are explained under following. a- On the job training b- Job Rotation c- Computer Based Training d- Audio visuals based training e- Internet base training f- Management games Developments for Staff: †¢Promotions ; Transfers †¢Environment and Culture New Developments in Wateen Telecom for its employees: Free internet (4 MB link) Free gamming at Silver Star MARKET ANALYSIS As far as the marketing department of Wateen is concerned they are providing following facilities to its customers Target Market: The target customers of Wateen are * home users, * business users * carriers ; operators However their main revenue comes from business users because due to their high costs home users do not prefer it so they are targeting business users more than the others by providing advanced technology that is necessary for business sector. Wateen has launched its broadband connection for all and sundry. Of course benefits, services, prices and equipments differ for the home user and the corporate sector. The increase in usage of Wateen broadband connection was seen by the corporate sector because of Wateen fast speed, efficiency and negligible disconnections. Corporate sector are always on the run and unexpected timings or a new competitor makes the internet even more important because information has to be sent or received at the last minute. And Wateen offers the best quality service any business man can use. Of course internet users at home are treated with equal importance. Student packages have been developed to help the students who have lots of assignments, projects and research in their hands. At what stage in the product life cycle is the market: Now Wateen is on growth stage in the market because in 2007 they have started their services in Pakistan. Geographically: Starting late January, Wateens’ WiMAX based products and services will enter into the commercial launch phase, thereby offering our products ; services in the following 22 cities spanning the major urban chunk of Pakistan’s demography. :Karachi Quetta Lahore Gujarat Faisalabad Sahiwal Peshawar Bahawalpur Multan Abbottabad Hyderabad Sukkur Gujranwala D IKhan Islamabad R Y Khan Rawalpindi Jehlum Sialkot OkaraS argodha Sheikhupura Market trends: Due to limited sources of entertainment, television is probably the biggest source of entertainment for Pakistanis. A growing number of private TV channels and cable TV, providing access to more than 100 channels, has kept consumers watching. Indian and Pakistani soap operas are the most watched programs. People usually prefer to relax in their leisure time by watching television with their families. Watching movies is an alternative to cable TV. Indian and English movies are preferred over low-budget Pakistani movies. Nowadays, VCRs are becoming obsolete, while DVD players and large plasma screens are in fashion, adding to the craze for watching movies. Evening is the prime time, that’s when people get back from their work and switch on the TV to relax. The prime time for TV is from 8pm till midnight. Board and card games, once a major source of home entertainment, have been replaced by computers. Now youngsters prefer to play games on their computer or Sony PlayStation, or perhaps play chess or pool online with other online gamers. Internet chatting is also quite popular amongst youngsters, and is an activity carried out in the evening and at late night. Listening to music is a growing hobby amongst the young generation. New pop bands have flared up the passion for music. Conversely, the habit of reading is not so popular. Fashion magazines are preferred over novels and digests. ProductPricePlace Promotion Quality List Price ChannelAdvertising FeaturesDiscount Location Personal Selling Brand Name Allowance Transportation Sale Promotion P

Case Brief

CASE BRIEF Case: State of Missouri v. David R. Bullock, 03CR679889. MO, [www. courts. mo. gov/casenet] Facts:At the time of the filing of his appeal, Mr. David R. Bullock had been charged and convicted of attempted statutory rape (under RSMO 566. 032 and 564. 011) and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor (under RSMO 564. 011 and RSMO 566. 032). David R. Bullock engaged in several conversations via email and chat rooms with a Newton County Deputy Sheriff who was conducting a sting operation against pedophiles. The Deputy took on a persona of a thirteen year old female by the name of â€Å"Ashley Anne†. Many of the conversations that took place between Mr. Bullock and â€Å"Ashley† were of a sexual nature. During conversations between Mr. Bullock and â€Å"Ashley†, he discussed how he would like to engage in certain acts (sexual) with her and her friends (girls of younger age) and how he would like to video those acts. He informed â€Å"Ashley† that the conversations about meeting with her and her friends should not be discussed because it was not legal for them to meet. Eventually a meeting was scheduled for a time and a place to meet and specific instructions were given to â€Å"Ashley† on how the meeting should take place. â€Å"Ashley† was told that upon her arrival to the specified location, she should meet Mr. Bullock in a specific area of that location. On October 18, 2002, Mr. Bullock and the decoy â€Å"Ashley† were present at the specified location, along with computer and video equipment in his vehicle, which ultimately leads to Page 2 Mr. Bullock being arrested. At the time of the arrest, Mr. Bullock did not deny having conversations with â€Å"Ashley† but explained that if she would arrive, he just wanted her to be counseled by the authorities on the dangers of meeting strangers on the internet. Mr. Bullock argues that his case is a case of entrapment and that he took no â€Å"substantial steps† towards committing the crimes he has been charged and convicted of. History: David R. Bullock of Bowling Green, Missouri was charged and later convicted of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor [the defendant was found guilty by] Jasper County Court in December of 2003. Mr. Bullock requested an appeal on the basis of entrapment and sufficiency of evidence. The appeal was granted and [The court determined] that [the defendant] in fact took substantial steps toward committing the crimes he was convicted of; and the theory of entrapment was extinquished because Mr. Brooks did not admit to committing the crimes and it was not proven that the commission of these acts were not of forethought [defendant being ready and willing to commit these acts]. The Appeal Court affirmed. Issue:Should people be convicted of crimes that are initially staged to seek out such individuals and are there distinguishable characteristics of acts that can be considered as â€Å"substantial steps† when it comes to gaining a conviction on these grounds? Mr. Brooks argued that if it wasn’t for the Deputy (â€Å"Ashley†) engaging him in such conversations, he would have not carried out those acts. He stated that he was only expressing his fantasies (which he was not charged or convicted of) and would not have considered acting upon them without the inducement of the â€Å"Ashley†. Secondly, he stated that conversations regarding future plans, solicitation or arriving at the Page 3 planned location does not constitute a â€Å"substantial step† in committing the offenses that he wasconvicted of. The court is left to decide whether the Defendant was predisposed and not induced to commit these crimes and if the acts that he carried out would be sufficient enough to be considered true preparation for the commission of said crimes. Decision:Yes. The appellant court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and upheld the defendant’s conviction. Rationale:The court reasons that the defense of entrapment is only available to a defendant if there is evidence both of an unlawful inducement by police to commit an unlawful act and the absence of a predisposition to engage in such conduct (the defendant was not â€Å"ready and willing†) to commit an unlawful act. Also, the defense of entrapment is an affirmative defense by which the defendant must admit having engaged in the proscribed conduct to be entitled to an entrapment instruction, which the defendant did not. Concerning the sufficiency of evidence â€Å"substantial steps†, the court found the analysis in State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004), to be accurate and similar to the case at hand. In this case, the defendant engaged in e-mails and instant messaging of a sexual nature with a sheriff posing as a 14-year-old girl. Id. at 195. The defendant made plans to meet the victim at a bowling alley at a specific day and time and told the victim that he would be bringing condoms, alcoholic beverages, and lubricant. Id. After the defendant arrived at the meeting place and was found with condoms, four wine coolers and lubricant, he was arrest. These acts were considered to be a substantial step Page 4 in the commission of the crime. Likewise, Mr. Bullock had sexual conversations with â€Å"Ashley†, requested to engage in sexual acts with her and friends (which were to be filmed), agreed to meet, gave instructions to â€Å"Ashley† on how to meet, arrived at meeting place with video/computer equipment and exited his vehicle and followed â€Å"Ashley†. The court assessed that these acts were deemed as criminal and are clearly crimes of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor. Notes:I agree with the rationale and the decision of the court. Their citing of the State v. Johnson, 728 S. W. 2d 675 (Mo. App. S. D. 1987) which states that a defendant is not entitled to entrapment instruction when the defendant charged with selling narcotics denies committing the crime is identical to the circumstances surrounding Mr. Bullock’s appeal. One cannot claim entrapment when one claims no wrong doing to be trapped. Also, another great citation that made the decision of the appeal court clear was State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004). There were many aspects of the Young case that were similar to the Bullock case such as: sexual conversations with an underage female (law enforcement), future meeting plans, and incriminating items brought to the meeting. In reviewing the case it was apparent to me that there were several substantial steps that this defendant took and was acted upon with forethought to accomplish his planned crimes. Page 5 WORKS CITED Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, Criminal Law Today, Columbia College Edition, Custom Publishing, New York, 2010. Case Brief CASE BRIEF Case: State of Missouri v. David R. Bullock, 03CR679889. MO, [www. courts. mo. gov/casenet] Facts:At the time of the filing of his appeal, Mr. David R. Bullock had been charged and convicted of attempted statutory rape (under RSMO 566. 032 and 564. 011) and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor (under RSMO 564. 011 and RSMO 566. 032). David R. Bullock engaged in several conversations via email and chat rooms with a Newton County Deputy Sheriff who was conducting a sting operation against pedophiles. The Deputy took on a persona of a thirteen year old female by the name of â€Å"Ashley Anne†. Many of the conversations that took place between Mr. Bullock and â€Å"Ashley† were of a sexual nature. During conversations between Mr. Bullock and â€Å"Ashley†, he discussed how he would like to engage in certain acts (sexual) with her and her friends (girls of younger age) and how he would like to video those acts. He informed â€Å"Ashley† that the conversations about meeting with her and her friends should not be discussed because it was not legal for them to meet. Eventually a meeting was scheduled for a time and a place to meet and specific instructions were given to â€Å"Ashley† on how the meeting should take place. â€Å"Ashley† was told that upon her arrival to the specified location, she should meet Mr. Bullock in a specific area of that location. On October 18, 2002, Mr. Bullock and the decoy â€Å"Ashley† were present at the specified location, along with computer and video equipment in his vehicle, which ultimately leads to Page 2 Mr. Bullock being arrested. At the time of the arrest, Mr. Bullock did not deny having conversations with â€Å"Ashley† but explained that if she would arrive, he just wanted her to be counseled by the authorities on the dangers of meeting strangers on the internet. Mr. Bullock argues that his case is a case of entrapment and that he took no â€Å"substantial steps† towards committing the crimes he has been charged and convicted of. History: David R. Bullock of Bowling Green, Missouri was charged and later convicted of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor [the defendant was found guilty by] Jasper County Court in December of 2003. Mr. Bullock requested an appeal on the basis of entrapment and sufficiency of evidence. The appeal was granted and [The court determined] that [the defendant] in fact took substantial steps toward committing the crimes he was convicted of; and the theory of entrapment was extinquished because Mr. Brooks did not admit to committing the crimes and it was not proven that the commission of these acts were not of forethought [defendant being ready and willing to commit these acts]. The Appeal Court affirmed. Issue:Should people be convicted of crimes that are initially staged to seek out such individuals and are there distinguishable characteristics of acts that can be considered as â€Å"substantial steps† when it comes to gaining a conviction on these grounds? Mr. Brooks argued that if it wasn’t for the Deputy (â€Å"Ashley†) engaging him in such conversations, he would have not carried out those acts. He stated that he was only expressing his fantasies (which he was not charged or convicted of) and would not have considered acting upon them without the inducement of the â€Å"Ashley†. Secondly, he stated that conversations regarding future plans, solicitation or arriving at the Page 3 planned location does not constitute a â€Å"substantial step† in committing the offenses that he wasconvicted of. The court is left to decide whether the Defendant was predisposed and not induced to commit these crimes and if the acts that he carried out would be sufficient enough to be considered true preparation for the commission of said crimes. Decision:Yes. The appellant court affirmed the judgment of the lower court and upheld the defendant’s conviction. Rationale:The court reasons that the defense of entrapment is only available to a defendant if there is evidence both of an unlawful inducement by police to commit an unlawful act and the absence of a predisposition to engage in such conduct (the defendant was not â€Å"ready and willing†) to commit an unlawful act. Also, the defense of entrapment is an affirmative defense by which the defendant must admit having engaged in the proscribed conduct to be entitled to an entrapment instruction, which the defendant did not. Concerning the sufficiency of evidence â€Å"substantial steps†, the court found the analysis in State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004), to be accurate and similar to the case at hand. In this case, the defendant engaged in e-mails and instant messaging of a sexual nature with a sheriff posing as a 14-year-old girl. Id. at 195. The defendant made plans to meet the victim at a bowling alley at a specific day and time and told the victim that he would be bringing condoms, alcoholic beverages, and lubricant. Id. After the defendant arrived at the meeting place and was found with condoms, four wine coolers and lubricant, he was arrest. These acts were considered to be a substantial step Page 4 in the commission of the crime. Likewise, Mr. Bullock had sexual conversations with â€Å"Ashley†, requested to engage in sexual acts with her and friends (which were to be filmed), agreed to meet, gave instructions to â€Å"Ashley† on how to meet, arrived at meeting place with video/computer equipment and exited his vehicle and followed â€Å"Ashley†. The court assessed that these acts were deemed as criminal and are clearly crimes of attempted statutory rape and attempted sexual exploitation of a minor. Notes:I agree with the rationale and the decision of the court. Their citing of the State v. Johnson, 728 S. W. 2d 675 (Mo. App. S. D. 1987) which states that a defendant is not entitled to entrapment instruction when the defendant charged with selling narcotics denies committing the crime is identical to the circumstances surrounding Mr. Bullock’s appeal. One cannot claim entrapment when one claims no wrong doing to be trapped. Also, another great citation that made the decision of the appeal court clear was State v. Young, 139 S. W. 3d 194 (Mo. App. W. D. 2004). There were many aspects of the Young case that were similar to the Bullock case such as: sexual conversations with an underage female (law enforcement), future meeting plans, and incriminating items brought to the meeting. In reviewing the case it was apparent to me that there were several substantial steps that this defendant took and was acted upon with forethought to accomplish his planned crimes. Page 5 WORKS CITED Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, Criminal Law Today, Columbia College Edition, Custom Publishing, New York, 2010.

Crimes of Scott Peterson Essay Example

Crimes of Scott Peterson Essay Example Crimes of Scott Peterson Essay Crimes of Scott Peterson Essay Scott Lee Peterson was born October 24, 1972 in San Diego, California to Jacqueline Helen Latham and Lee Arthur Peterson. His family was big and athletic and he was raised on strict guidelines set by his father. As a kid, Scott loved to hunt and fish and played golf in high school.He attended the University of San Diego High School and graduated from California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo (A. K. A. Cal Poly) with a B. A. in agricultural business in 1997. While attending Cal Poly, he worked as a waiter in a cafe, when he met his future wife, Laci Denise Rocha. Those who knew him described Scott as gentle and generous and very reserved when it came to expressing emotion. His father always told him to keep his feelings in check but every once in a while something would push him over the edge and he would snap.Scott Peterson would soon be under fire for the disappearance and murder of his wife Laci and unborn son Conner. OFFENSE/CRIME December 23, 2002 would be the la st time anyone other than Scott Peterson would see or hear from Laci Peterson, Scott’s 27 year old pregnant wife, when Sharon Rocha, Laci’s mother, phoned her daughter on the evening of the 23rd. Exactly what events played out later that night or early the next morning may never be known. A neighbor reported seeing the couple’s dog roaming the street with a muddy leash dragging the ground.The neighbor was in a hurry and only put the dog in the fenced backyard after seeing Laci’s car in the driveway. On Christmas Eve 2002, Scott left Laci a voicemail asking her to pick up a Christmas gift that he wasn’t able to get because he was running late after his â€Å"fishing† trip. When Scott returned home late that afternoon, he cleaned up the house, did laundry and ate. He then called his Laci’s mother, Sharon, and asked if Laci was with her. After their conversation, Sharon called the police. Later that night, Laci was reported missing by Sc ott from their Modesto, California home.At the time, she was just over 7 months pregnant with a baby boy they had planned to name Conner. The story quickly gained national attention. Initially, Scott Peterson was not considered a suspect in the case. It only became clear that he should be looked at as a suspect when inconsistencies in his statements to police were discovered as well as extramarital affairs. Peterson told Diane Sawyer of Good Morning America â€Å"his wife accepted his affair with Amber Frey, a single mom from Fresno, when he told her back in early December. (Sawyer, 2003) The extent of these extramarital affairs would unfold throughout the investigation. It is believed that Scott had at least three affairs during the time he was married to Laci. Police also found it difficult to verify his alibi at the time Laci went missing. For months, the nation followed the disappearance and later on, the murder of Laci and her unborn son Conner. This case divided the nation of people following the trial in two, as groups rallied around him or against him.The case was such a powerful topic throughout the nation that People magazine named the trial â€Å"Trial of the Year† for 2004 (AccessData ® Corp. , n. d. ). The Scott Peterson case was one of the most important, high profile cases in the nation. Lydell Wall, a detective with Stanislaus County Sheriff’s Department and winner of the Timothy Fidel award said â€Å"there was an intense pressure to ensure accuracy. Because when it came down to it this case was about more than computer data, it was about people’s lives† (AccessData ® Corp. , n. d. ).Little hard evidence existed in this case but a trial would yield much of the answers demanded from Americans following the case. On April 14, 2003, a male fetus, later identified as the unborn child Laci Peterson was carrying at the time of her disappearance, washed ashore Richmonds Point Isabel Regional Shoreline in San Francisco Bay, where Scott Peterson had been boating the day of Lacis disappearance. The following day, the badly decomposed body of a female with only partial limbs still attached and head missing washed ashore nearby.The body was confirmed to be Laci Peterson. Autopsies of the bodies were performed but due to the level of decomposition, the causes of death could not be determined. The autopsy of Laci’s body did reveal that she had several broken ribs that would not have been the result of her body being drug across the rocks in the Bay where she was discovered. The Modesto Police Department and FBI performed forensic searches of the Peterson home, Scott’s truck and tool box in the back of the truck, his warehouse, and boat.Police arrested Peterson on April 18, 2003 in the parking lot of the Torrey Pines Golf Course in La Jolla, California, a suburb of San Diego approximately 30 miles from the Mexican border, where he stated he was meeting his brother and father for a game of golf. In Peterson’s car, police found a large sum of cash, survival gear, several cell phones, his brothers ID and Viagra as well as numerous other compelling items that made Scott look like he was planning to flee to Mexico.Police say they moved forward with the arrest just hours before DNA tests confirmed the bodies identities because they feared he would flee across the border. Prosecutors presented their case against Scott Peterson. They believed Peterson murdered Laci on December 23 or 24, 2002, and dumped her body into San Francisco Bay from his boat. The defense led by Mark Geragos, argued that Laci was alive when Scott left early Christmas Eve to go fishing and when he returned, she was gone. There is, as far as the public knows, no crime scene, no murder weapon and no cause of death for Laci and the fetus† (Oakland Tribune, 2004) The only significant physical evidence prosecutors presented at Scott Petersons preliminary hearing was a 6-inch strand of dark hair on a pair of pliers police found in Scott Petersons boat. However, they had to fight for its admission. The only kind of DNA sample able to be extracted from a single strand of hair is mitochondrial and cannot be narrowed down to a single person. It is rarely used in California cases because of this.The defense attempted to have this evidence thrown out but the judge allowed the prosecution to inform the jury it is possible that the DNA from the hair could be Laci’s. In another testimony by a computer forensic investigator, just a couple weeks before Laci was reported missing, Scott Peterson had searched the Internet about Northern California bodies of water including San Francisco Bay and Modesto-area lakes, including information on the currents in the Bay. However, this information could have just been a part of a fishing website Scott visited.In the testimony of Amber Frey, the woman with whom Scott was having an affair with, she stated Scott told her he had â€Å"lost hi s wife† and that the upcoming holiday season would be his first without her. Lacis sister, Amy Rocha, testified that Scott told her and Laci’s mother he had golf plans on Christmas Eve but he went fishing instead. A detective testified Scott initially denied having an extramarital affair. All these testimonies and facts presented by the prosecution seemed to form a pattern of inconsistencies in Peterson’s statements to his family, police and the women he had affairs with.However, testimonies alone weren’t going to convict Peterson of murder. There was no crime scene, a murder weapon or cause of death. The fate of Scott Peterson would fall in the hands of a key piece of the prosecution’s theory – motive. MOTIVATIONS/OFFENDER BACKGROUND The intent to commit these heinous crimes would originate from Scott Peterson’s emails and internet searches. Lyndell Wall, Detective of High-Tech Crimes Unit, Stanislaus County Sherriff’s Departme nt, was able to restore deleted files on Scott’s computer that provided details of the area where Laci and Conners’ bodies were eventually discovered (AccessData ® Corp. , n. d. . â€Å"The realities of work, marriage and parenthood can leave some feeling trapped. Peterson consoled himself with a series of affairs. He could have left his wife and child, but that would have meant saddling himself with child support and alimony, not fully freeing himself. † (Montaldo, 2004) Peterson wanted the bachelor lifestyle. He didn’t want children and had previously told Amber Frey he was considering getting a vasectomy. Those who knew Scott would say he no doubt loved Laci and was content with his marriage until Laci became pregnant with Conner. The pregnancy sent Scott into a downward spiral of panic and feeling trapped.Scott was also feeling the pressures of the couples’ finances. It is believed that from the time Laci became pregnant, Scott had been hatch ing a plan to hopefully assure his freedom. Shortly after finding out she was pregnant, Scott took out a $250,000 life insurance policy on her. The prosecution stated Petersons affair with Amber Frey and money were the primary motives for the murders. It appeared Peterson wanted to be single again and free himself from increasing debt. He wants to live the rich, successful, freewheeling bachelor life†¦ He didnt want to be tied to this kid the rest of his life.He didnt want to be tied to Laci for the rest of his life. (Montaldo, 2004) THEORY By the time the neighbor found the couples’ dog roaming the street, prosecutors believe Peterson he had let the dog loose to make it look like Laci had somehow been abducted while walking the dog as she had done many times before. The defense argued that Laci could have been the victim of abduction as a result of the lavish jewelry she would wear or someone had taken her for the baby (Crier, 2004). Police also believed the phone call made to Laci by Scott later that morning asking her to pick up a gift was also staged.He added two X-rated channels to his cable service just days after his wifes disappearance, which to the prosecution meant Laci was not coming home. He sold Laci’s car and later looked into selling the couples house. When Scott took out a $250,000 life insurance policy on his pregnant wife just after finding out she was pregnant, no one thought anything of it. Those who knew about it thought it was just a precautionary measure in case something should happen to Laci as a result of the pregnancy. It wasn’t even a thought that crossed the minds of those who knew the couple that Scott could be hatching a plan to kill Laci and her unborn son.VICTIMS The main victims in this case are Laci, Conner, and Laci’s family. Laci Denise Peterson (Rocha) was born in Modesto, California on May 4, 1975. Her parents, Dennis and Sharon Rocha, split up when she was very young. After her parents s plit, she lived with her mother with her older brother, Brent and later, Ron Grantski, her stepfather. She lived with her mother along with, eventually, her stepfather Ron Grantski. She and her brother still spent a lot of time at her father’s dairy farm in Escalon, California. Her father remarried and they had a daughter, Amy. Laci was the girl next door.A popular, pretty cheerleader at Thomas Downey High School, she was inspired by her father’s love for agriculture and farming. She would later attend Cal Poly where she met Scott and graduate with a degree in ornamental horticulture. She had plans to open her own flower shop but was never able to do that. Laci and her mother were very close. It’s no surprise that Sharon was the last person in her immediate family that would speak to Laci, with the exception of her husband. Sharon couldn’t have been happier about Laci’s pregnancy. She, Laci and her sister Amy spent many days shopping for the new ad dition to their family.COSTS OF CRIME The prosecution of Scott Peterson cost Stanislaus County taxpayers $4. 13 million. These costs included $1. 55 million of the police investigation, $1. 37 million for the prosecutors and their staff, $742,000 for court costs and $182,000 for San Mateo County where the trial was held (Montaldo, 2005). In addition to the costs accumulated by the trial process, the families involved in the case also incurred costs from the crimes, such as the funeral of Laci and Conner. The defense expenses are not included in this number because Peterson retained a private attorney.Because the prosecution was seeking the death penalty, the case took more time from local police because of the additional investigation required. Now, as Peterson sits on death row, the cost of his imprisonment adds to the total cost. PROSECUTION/SENTENCING The trial of Scott Peterson lasted from June 2004 through March 2005 and ended in guilty verdict and the death penalty for the fir st-degree murder with special circumstances of Laci and second-degree murder of their unborn son. The conviction came on November 12, 2004 by a reconstituted jury after several replacements were made in the previous months.The penalty phase began on November 30 and ended on December 13 when the twelve-person jury recommended a death sentence for Peterson and a prescribed method of execution by lethal injection. Judge Alfred A. Delucchi sentenced Peterson to death on March 16, 2005. The request made by the defense for a new trial due to jury misconduct and media influence was denied and Peterson was ordered to pay $10,000 toward the costs of Laci’s funeral. After having been on death row for eight years, Petersons lawyer, Cliff Gardner, filed a 423-page appeal on July 16, 2012 of his sentence.CONCLUSIONMany books and publications have resulted from this trial including one’s written by Laci’s mother, Sharon Rocha, Anne Bird, Scott’s sister, and Amber Frey, Scott’s lover. Sharon’s book details Laci’s life and death and the trial, Anne’s book details 33 reasons why she believes Scott is guilty, and Amber’s book – the most controversial of all – details her account of the trial as a witness. In addition, the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004, also known as Laci and Conner’s Law now protects a fetus from the moment of conception from any harm by recognizing a child in utero as a legal victim. R