Research Proposal-Intimate Partner Violence Proposal

- Intimate Partner Violence - Research Proposal Example This circumstance raises further concern since some medical clinic and center based exploration offers have additionally demonstrated that there is a relationship between expanded IPV hazard and pregnancy. All things considered, it gets essential for the obstetric-gynecologic nursing office to make thorough screening in order to deal with the wellbeing danger presented by IPV. Exploration has subsequently been centered around the noteworthiness, fulfillment, adequacy and exactness of various screening instruments and strategies. Better screening strategies and approaches have been distinguished, yet the activity of screening has not yet achieved flawlessness due to non-divulgence. The issue is excessively high among outsider minorities and this influences usage of mediation measures to check IPV. So as to upgrade screening there is a need to discover factors that cause non-divulgence, which thusly, influences results acquired and utilized in dynamic and strategy detailing. The assura nce of these components will be a useful advance towards discovering countermeasures that will help improve the screening procedure. This paper proposes a methodology towards fathoming the non-exposure challenge and its fundamental causes just as countermeasures. Watchwords: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), Immigrants, Minorities. ... pleteness, worthiness and precision of various screening instruments and techniques have, either in a roundabout way or straightforwardly been the focal point of obstetric exploration. These inquiries have expanded mindfulness on IPV predominance, precision of screening among different gatherings and ideal methodologies and devices to screening of IPV in the obstetric-gynecologic field (Liebschutz and Chuang, 2002). The outcomes from research offers inspired by such inquiries have educated the definition regarding successful screening of IPV among different gatherings and propriety of strategies applied. Notwithstanding improving adequacy in screening and ways to deal with screening, nursing specialists in obstetric-gynecologic nursing have gotten insightful of the way that there are as yet numerous instances of incapable screening. This happens due to non-revelation, which is inspired by different variables. Instances of insufficient screening are pervasive inside foreigner and mino rity gatherings and happen less significantly inside standard populaces (Kaguyutan and Shetty, 2002; Pendleton, 2003). Explicit elements that impact disclosure of data during screening are conspicuously refered to in many bits of writing on IPV. Be that as it may, there is an absence of a considerable group of investigation into the segment factors and their relative impact on data disclosure during screening and the results of screening. Moreover, there is no complete group of examination in to how the components that impact data disclosure and screening can be decidedly affected to support screening. For sure, adequately learning the noteworthiness, fulfillment, worthiness and exactness of various screening instruments, isn't adequate in improving the screening procedure (Marks et al., 1998). This is on the grounds that regardless of how compelling a

Ethical Issues Involving the Tuskegee Syphilis Study essays

Moral Issues Involving the Tuskegee Syphilis Study expositions Moral Issues Involving the Tuskegee Syphilis Study 1 Moral Issues Involving the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Moral Issues Involving the Tuskegee Syphilis Study 2 With the goal for us to see how the contentions in clinical research and morals identify with the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, we should initially comprehend the speculations in regards to clinical research and morals. As indicated by the Hastings Center Report, Carol Levine states, Â ¡Research morals was conceived in outrage and raised in protectionism.â ¡ For the most part, irreconcilable situations are imbedded all through the procedure of clinical research. The start was started by the disasters of the Nazi specialists and the Nuremberg Trials. The Nuremberg Trials were trailed by U.S. outrages; U.S. outrages first delivered by Henry Beecher in quite a while acclaimed New England Journal of Medicine article and afterward followed by the disclosure of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. These sorts of embarrassments drove reasonably to a reaction from the Federal Government. This reaction would be one that depends exclusively upon trust. In the sixties, James Shannon presented the idea of confirmation where establishments and examiners would be trusted to do the government rules, to audit investigate tentatively and to adhere to the principles that have been set up. There are unethical just as good trust connections. In the event that analysts will depend on the trust of patient subjects, of human volunteers, or that trust of citizens, to take part in look into, at that point those specialists ought depend and expand on their trust, yet construct a framework that is reliable too. There are continually going to be a wide range of inquiries regarding clashes as long as there is an arrangement of imminent survey where an individual's other government assistance relies upon that pay during the time spent research. One of the principal addresses that ring a bell is wheth er the Tuskegee Syphilis Study contained any good or moral reasoni... <!

Solid Work Auto-cad Example

Solid Work Auto-cad Example Solid Work Auto-cad â€" Assignment Example > Part 3Technical drawing, are as famously known, drafting is the process of composing images that adequately communicates how something works or how it can be constructed, the communication is a visual representation of the concepts applied in the drawing. Technical drawing a universal way of communicating in engineering and related technical fields in general. To make the drawings communicate a similar message to all practitioners, people use symbols, notation systems, common units of measurements, perspectives, visual layouts and language that removes the ambiguity in the diagram developed. The drawing standards and conventions are have been summarized into a conventional system that communicate adequately to the users of such information and transcends the boundaries of language making technical drawings to acquire status that allows it to act as universal mean of communicating technical concepts by use of diagrams. The summations of rules regarding the universal language used i n technical drawings are the drawing standards. Drawing standards entails all the detailing that are conventionally needed to communicate the information about a component. It controls the indication of information essential to fabricate a component, specify the standards of a component and how to assembly the parts detailed into the objective item. To do this, drawing standards therefore controls the units system used, angle of presentation, dimensioning system, symbols applied and material specifications. These standards plays critical roles in the functioning of the industry. It is only possible to achieve universal understanding when there is common way of communication. Drawing standards defines how certain information must be represented in a drawing, the guidelines are understandable to every industry participant hence they can interpret the information that the drafter presents. The standards also provides a way of evaluating the nature of product, it is possible to define potential failure, mismatch or error that would result in the final product from the drawings if standards are observed. Besides the ability to project results, standards in a drawing allow the expression of a component in different view and stages of assembly. The use of 3D and 2D drawings have dominated the industry, mostly from manufacturing firms and building construction. 2D drawing the presentation of a part in two of the three angles, this can be front and side view or the plan and other angle projection. In 3D drawing, the object is presented in all the three angles. This object can be the whole assembly or just a particular part of the desired object. Figure A and B below illustrates 3D and 2D drawings respectively Often, manufacturers use drawings as a way of gaining a sales leadership besides the technical role of fabrication. By posting CAD files of desired component by the manufacturer, potential buyers are able to download this parts and customize them into dimension s that fits their specific need. Such CAD files are therefore a way of communication between the manufacturer and the client. An object can be modelled in a CAD file and printed out just as modelled. Modern building require a detailed plan in form of drawing from which the actual structure will be built, the drawing used are a mixture of both 2D and 3D indicating different components.

History And Culture Of The Hispanic World Essay - 1324 Words

COSTA RICA History and Culture of the Hispanic World I. La Conquista a. Initial Years of the Conquista in Costa Rica Like many of countries in Central America, the arrival of Christopher Columbus in Puerto Limon was met with troubles. However, the Ticos (as they are known) welcomed them with open arms and exchanged gifts with Europeans who passed through the area. Europeans were always given gold, coining the name â€Å"the rich cost.† Many natives fled areas penetrated by European settlements due to diseases like smallpox and tuberculosis. Unlike other places that were â€Å"discovered†, Europeans could not get the locals to work for them. So, Europeans were left to scratch out new farms themselves. After 1821’s independence of Guatemala, Costa Rica held elections for a new government the same year. (Shields). Once the new government had started, it put people to work by building road ways, schools, and encouraged businesses to start. Costa Rica never really rebelled against the Spaniards, but followed the lead of Guatemala. b. Colonial System In 1564, Juan Vasquez de Coronado founded the first permanent European settlement, Cartgao (been there!). (Morrison). Cartago is a city based mostly out of agriculture. Farming is a huge part of Cartago, and Costa Rica’s success. Driving through the streets of Cartago is like finding hundreds of carts and shops with various produce, fruits, and vegetables. Costa Rica is known as the Switzerland of Central America. (Shields). While theShow MoreRelatedChristian Spanish Theology Essay examples1236 Words   |  5 PagesTheology 10.28.2011 Manana: Christian Theology From A Hispanic Perspective Manana: Christian Theology From A Hispanic Perspective examines the basic ideas and concepts of Christian theology through the lens of the Hispanic culture. 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American Indians are a group that will has an interesting set of challenges because they are a minority in the United States that did not emigrate from another country,Read MoreMy Cultural Paper On Machu Picchu Peruvian Restaurant857 Words   |  4 Pagessophisticated dry-stone walls, and so is Machu Picchu Peruvian Restaurant. This restaurant has captured the essence not only of the ancient civilization, but of the culture of Peru as well. Though this is a restaurant, they teach their customers about Spanish culture, and they also contributes to both their immediate community and Hispanic community. So in other words, this restaurant isn t just a restaurant, but a Peruvian cultural experience. First of all, the reason why I chose to do my CulturalRead MoreHistory of US Immigrants1546 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Immigration has always considered as contentious in the United States. More than two hundred years ago Benjamin Franklin concerned that German settler would overwhelm many predominantly British culture of the United States. In mid-nineteenth century an Irish immigrants were scorned as lazy. In the early twentieth century believed that a gesture of new immigrants-Poles, Italians, Russian Jews were too different to ever be assimilated into American life. Today, the fears are used againstRead MoreThe Issue Of Immigration Has Been On The Forefront Major Debates1684 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout America’s history, the issue of immigration has been on the forefront major debates. Immigration is among one of the most stimulating topics of discussion. Often when discussing immigration the question of assimilation also arises and whether or not immigrants are truly doing so. Since the beginning of this country, immigrants and even natives of the land have been pressured to assimila te to â€Å"American† Culture and to commit to its standards. 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The Post Colonialism Theory Opinions And Opposing View...

The Post Colonialism Theory: Opinions Opposing View Points The postcolonialism theory is a theory that has brought many controversies and opposing viewpoints across the world of literature. In, -this theory, a set of lost identities, use of language in writing, and the questioning of the real definition of this theory are some of the characteristics highlighted in this concept. On the other hand, conflicting opinions, multiple perspectives, and authors not agreeing on the definition of this theory are some of the problems that bring powerful discussions and arguments in the world of literature. To begin with, the theory of post colonialism has been a very complicated concept to define. Many authors and theorists that have responded and†¦show more content†¦Important European thinkers only wrote about their own identities and experiences setting other cultural backgrounds aside. Another important example of a characteristic of post colonialism is the lost identities of women writers who others often look at as not being part of the culture or country they choose to focus and write about. Carole Boyce Davis, author of â€Å"An Introduction to Post- Colonial Theory,† pointed out that women who contribute to African literature were very displeased to be considered only a woman writer instead of an African American Woman Writer (Davis Boyce, Carole in Peter Childs and R.J Patrick William â€Å"An Introduction to Post- Colonial† 1997, p.15). With this example in mind, it is clear that her identity as an African American woman was hidden and not well respected. Furthermore, this postcolonial theory leads to conflicting and multiple ideas about identities which cause a problem and debate among writers and theory experts who choose to write representing the theory. 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How the American Revolution Got Started Free Essays

The events that took place before the American Revolution affected history in such a way giving the British and colonists the need to have a Revolution. The French and Indian war is the name for the war that took place between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. The aftermath of this war was a big part leading up to the American Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on How the American Revolution Got Started or any similar topic only for you Order Now The war changed economic, political, and social relations between the three European powers (Britain, France, and Spain) their colonies and colonists, and the natives that occupied the territories they demanded. The war finally ended with the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763. France and Britain suffered financially because of the war. The stamp act came along in 1765, this was a direct tax imposed by the British parliament on the colonies. The act required that almost all printed materials must be produced on stamped paper. This consisted of legal documents, magazines, newspapers etc. The purpose of this tax was to pay for troops stationed in North America after the British Victory in the seven years’ war. The stamp Act congress was a meeting of representatives from the thirteen colonies. They discussed and acted upon the stamp act that was passed by the governing parliament of Great Britain, and did not include any representatives from the colonies. The congress then put together the declaration of the stamp act congress, which was fourteen points of colonial protest. They issued it to the king and parliament in hopes of repealing the stamp act. The Townsend acts were a series of laws passed beginning in 1767 by the Great Britain parliament in relation to the British colonies in North America, The acts being named after Charles Townshend who was the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Overall this was an internal tax on economic activity within a single colony; Townsend wanted the external taxes which was an economic activity that goes through a colony and into other parts of the country. Such as paint, glass, tea etc. He thought we should use the money to pay the colonial governor, other parliaments and the king’s salaries. Another event was the Boston massacre, an incident that happened in March of 1770. It started out as a street fight, the civilians being mad at the British for taxing everything and ended in Britain redcoats killing five civilians. This caused a lot rebellion in the British American colonies leading us towards the American Revolution. Five years later Shots were heard around the world. Paul Revere on April 18th yelled out the British regulars are coming! The first shot was fired by the British in Lexington, and then they went to Concord. Then our militia stopped them and turned them back to Boston. This was the start of the revolution, minute men were ready to stand in a minutes warning. The colonists were not going to stand for the British taking over their land and taxing them on all of their goods, so they fought for their rights. US constitution There were proposals at the philadelphia constitution convention in 1787. These proposals were the virginia plan, and the new jersey plan that people did not like. The US contitution was ratified after the Great compromise came into effect. Otherwise known as the conneticut plan. This consisted of a strong national government (tax, raising an army, regulated trade, and supremed laws). Another was the seperation of powers between legislative and executive. Also there would be two houses of congress, the senate and the House of Representatives. The states would be able to choose their US senators. Lastly there was the slavery 3/5th compromise meaning a slave counts as 3/5 of a person. When the U. S. Constitution was presented to the states, many people chose to be either Federalists or Anti-Federalists. Virginia and many other states were against the Constitution because there was no bill of rights included in it. James Madison was known as the â€Å"Father of the Constitution†, and he and Alexander Hamilton were two Federalists who supported the Constitution and explicated it in the Federalist papers (1788). On the other side George Mason, an Anti-Federalist, opposed the Constitution. Federalist (James madison) wanted a stronger government and argued to ratify the constitution. The US constitution will control factions which is a group of people with a common interest and economic seek to control government for own benefit. 1. ) Also the bigger the better in a national government, multiple factions will cancel one another out. 2. ) WE will choose the best among us to govern for the common good (republicanism) Anti Federalists – opposed to ratifying the constitution Partrick henry thought things were okay before the philadalphia convention and we were at peace. He also thought a large government would have to resort to tyranny to control everything menaing a loss of individual rights. He thought we should have lumped the states into a consolidated government. Samuel bryan thought governing over such a large area would be unable to address local concerns. Richard henry lee didn’t know it would be such a huge change. How to cite How the American Revolution Got Started, Essay examples

Electric Vehicles Essay Research Paper Matt Scott free essay sample

Electric Vehicles Essay, Research Paper Matt Scott College Prep Environmental demand for cleaner air has put a heavy load on the car, much improved by stringent fumes bases but still a important beginning of pollution. High cost, technological obstructions and the opposition of the populace to abandon gasolene have deterred the find of new cleansing agents alternate fuels to assist 5the environment. Electric Vehicles are the cleanest combustion of the alternate fuel vehicles now available. They are an efficient manner to use fossil fuels ( oil and natural gas ) and change over them directly into automotive power. The fossil fuels are burnt at a power works to bring forth energy to do electricity to reload batteries instead than being used in air fouling internal burning engines. ? ( Encarta ) 3? Substances that pollute the air can be controlled more easy at a power works than at the tailpipes of 1000000s of gasoline-burning cars. ? ( Encarta ) Electric autos are a simple and effectual manner to tackle bing energy because any energy beginning can be turned into electricity. Electric autos have many advantages: ? ? Less dependance on foreign oil because of a decrease of crude oil demands ? Decrease in care costs ? Dependability ? Simplicity of operation ? Improvement in air quality because of riddance of vehicle fumes emanations ? Low energy cost? ( Barbara Whitener 9 ) Despite these advantages electric autos have non been widely adapted yet because they are non able to vie with gasolene powered autos. They have many restrictions including power, acceleration, dependability and scope. All of this nevertheless is about to alter when the following line of EV? s are released. GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Daimler-Chrysler and Even the U.S. Army are in on the race because electric will be one of the taking alternate fuels in the close hereafter. Electric vehicles may hold appeared every bit early as 1830. Historians by and large recognition J.K. Starley, an English discoverer and Fred M. Kimball of Boston, Massachusetts with constructing the first practical electric auto in 1888. Woods Motor Vehicle Company located in Chicago go the first American Producer in 1896. At one clip, around 1904 one tierce of all the autos in New York City, Chicago and Boston were electrically powered. By 1912 30 thousand electric vehicles roamed the United States. These autos are get downing to come up once more in expectancy of ordinances designed to cut down air pollution emanation in some provinces. Many discoveries have been made in this field but some designs have stayed similar. An electric auto has a battery, a courser for refilling the battery? s power and a accountant, which directs the flow of electricity between the battery and the motor. Lead Acid batteries are the most normally used battery in the new fleet of EV? s arriving, but there are new types of batteries including nickel-metal hydride, zinc-chlorine and sodium-sulfur. Today? s electric autos come criterion with regenerative breakage. Regenerative breakage is where the braking system recharges the battery. The motor acts as a generator when fillet and converts the energy caused by the motion of the vehicle back into electricity and shops it in the battery. ? Converting the kinetic energy into electric energy slows the car. ? ( Encarta, 1999 ) GM has come through with a discovery design. The 2nd coevals of their EV? . It has no engine because it doesn? Ts need one. No tailpipe because it has no fumes. It has no valves, no Pistons, no timing belts or crankshaft. The EV? is a nothing emanation vehicle. Therefore it requires no emanations proving. It requires no tune-ups ; no gasolene or oil alterations either. The EV? seems infantile because it is so simplistic ; but in really it is one of the most complex pieces of machinery on the route today. The GM EV? uses a 26 valve- regulated high capacity lead-acid ( PbA ) battery. The EV? has an estimated existent universe driving scope of 55 to 95 stat mis. GM is now doing a nickel-metal hydride ( NiMH ) hitter battalion as another option. With this new option the EV? ? s estimated existent universe driving scope is increased to 75-130 stat mis on a full charge. Charging can be done in any conditions for the GM EV? uses a 220-volt courser that has to be installed in your place. Cha rging from 0 to 100 % for the lead-acid battery battalion takes up to 6 hours. The nickel-metal hydride battery battalion can take up to 8 hours to to the full reload due to it is able to hive away more energy. A common energy salvaging characteristic of electric autos is regenerative braking. GM nevertheless has developed it? s ain distinctive braking system, blended regenerative breakage. It is a combination of front hydraulic discs, rear electrically applied membranophone brakes and the electric propulsion motor. That is non all that is alone about the EV? . The EV? is one of the lone electric vehicles that have taken manner into consideration along with competency against gasoline-powered vehicles. The EV? is the most aerodynamic production vehicle on the route today. Its form when viewed from above resembles a teardrop. GM? s EV? coevals II with the lead-acid battery battalion costs $ 33,955. The same auto but installed with the optional higher public presentation nickel-metal hydride battalion is $ 43,955. They are already in production and on the market. Daimler-Chrysler has introduced their electrically powered vehicle that is likely the most typical of the new fleet of EV? s. It is called the EPIC ( electric powered interurban commuter ) EV and they have chosen to use it to the minivan platform. None of the other car manufacturers constructing EV? s chose to accommodate their minivan, which gives DC a clear selling field. The EPIC if utilizing a nickel-metal hydride hitter gets about 90 to 100 stat mi scope between charges. This is a 50 % betterment over the older lead-acid batteries. The EPIC EV is the first NiMH hitter to offer? Fast Charge Capability? . The standard 220-volt off board courser is capable of a 0 to 100 % recharge in 4 to 5 hours. The EPIC is now able to utilize a discovery 440-volt courser, which makes the recharge clip an amazing 30 proceedingss. Nissan has thrown its towel into the ring of alternate fuel vehicles every bit good. They have developed the Nissan Altra EV. It is a blend of saloon, minivan and SUV features. What sets the Altra apart from the other electric vehicles is that it uses a lithium-ion battery battalion. Altra is the lone EV utilizing that beginning at the minute. Lithium-ion battalions are high power and compact in size. Price is a prevailing ground that these batteries are non capitalized upon more. Nissan is confident the cost of the battery will worsen. They besides believe that this kind of battery is a? 3rd coevals? battery. The Nissan Altra EV? s scope is comfortably 70 to 80 stat mis on a full charge ; an experient driver is purportedly able to force 120 stat mis out of a full charge. The Nissan Altra EV is fashionable and antiphonal, ? Acceleration is at that place when needed, hills are non a job. Braking and managing are sharp and responsive. ? ( Robert Oberland 1 ) John fords part to the Electric frontier is bring forthing a merchandise similar to GM? s EV? in everyway except that the organic structure of the vehicle is Americas best selling pickup, the Ford Ranger. The estimated scope of the Ranger is 77 stat mis utilizing the lead-acid battery battalion which is comparable to GM? s version. Besides like GM Ford is offering the optional nickel-metal hydride battery battalion. In bend increasing the scope of the Ranger to about 90 stat mis with a full recharge. The Ranger EV therefore far is non developed plenty to be competitory with its gasoline-powered opposite number. The last vehicle in the race for electric power is the practical and advanced Honda EV Plus. At the minute Honda merely leases the auto. A figure of grounds caused this determination. The most of import being dependability. Electric autos are still untested ; by merely renting them the drivers are more like? guinea hogs? to Honda. The nickel-metal hydride battery battalion is Honda? s primary characteristic alternatively of a secondary option as in most auto manufacturer? s electric line. It takes the EV Plus 6 to 8 hours to to the full reload from 0 % . It? s estimated scope is about 100 stat mis. ? The company reports that the vehicles? fuel? cost could be every bit low as less than 2 cents a stat mi if recharged at away peak rates. ? ( Sirius 1 ) Hondas end in planing this auto was monetary value and dependability non manner. One EV partisan studies, ? If forced to take between Honda? s true useful toaster-on-wheels and GM? s stylishly sculpted work of electric art, I? vitamin Ds have to travel with the wassailer! The Honda EV Plus is a 4 rider vehicle, the EV? merely a two. The asset has a rear hatch and a fold down rear place. The Honda besides sits higher off the land more like a minivan, doing it easier for me to cl imb in and out of than the low slung EV? . So call me Mr. Practical but I got ta travel with the Plus for now. ? ( Bill Moore 1 ) These major auto companies are in the same race, but on different degrees. Every possible market has been exposed to a portion of an EV that entreaties to them. The EPIC with fast charge and being an economic system vehicle. The dependability of an EV Plus. Possibly the fashionable organic structure and reactivity of GM? s EV? entreaties to you. The size and technological high quality of the Nissan Altra EV. Does the Rangers advantage of being a pickup truck entirely do it for you? The EV choice is going every bit diverse as the gasolene powered market and is easy replacing it. I believe Daimler-Chryslers EPIC is at the head of the electric market. Their advanced? Fast Charge? sets them in front of the game. The minivan organic structure manner can be replaced with something comparable to GM? s EV? if desired. The scope, the dependability and the recharge clip are the primary concerns. The remainder can be adapted to the market and how it shifts. GM? s EV? will most surely be a smuggler up. I have personally had the experience of driving one of these marvelous machines. The curvey entreaty and epicurean inside accompanied by its reactivity and managing about barricade the impracticality of them out of your head. Electric is non the lone reply for the hereafter. Many other possibilities include Ethanol ( an intoxicant made from maize ) , which is besides called a bio-fuel. Bio-fuels are high octane, clean burning liquid fuels all made from renewable biomass such as trees or workss. ? Fords involvement in utilizing Ethanol as an alternate fuel beginning goes back to the yearss of Henry Ford. Ford planned to utilize ethyl alcohol as the primary fuel for his Model T. However, the less expensive gasolene emerged as the dominant fuel. ? ( Ford 4 ) Ford has now developed the Taurus into an Ethanol vehicle. IT has an 18-gallon armored combat vehicle and maintains about 22 stat mis to the gallon. Estimated scope is 250-350 stat mis. Propane more right called liquefied crude oil gas ( LPG ) is one of the universes taking alternate fuels. It emits one tierce less reactive gases than gasolene and is comparable in fuel scope every bit good as stat mis per gallon. Often Propane is less expensive than gasolene as good. The downside of this gas is that, like oil propane is in short supply domestically. Natural Gas is abundant in the United States and emits fewer pollutants than gasolene and cost 10 to 40 % less. The Crown Victoria is a popular natural gas vehicle. Estimated scope is 18 stat mis per gallon with a 9.4-gallon armored combat vehicle. But autos utilizing natural gas have bulky armored combat vehicles and comparatively short scopes between refills because the scope of an NGU depends on how much natural gas is stored in the vehicle. A frequent manner to judge the milage of a NGU is half the distance of its gasolene version. Gas-electric loanblends are a really popular and efficient pick of cars while the passage to strictly electric vehicle engineering is made and further developed. The Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight are innovators in this field they will assist to? ablactate? the consumer public off of gasolene. The Honda Insight is an extremist low emanations vehicle. It squeezes out an impressive 70 milers per gallon utilizing a gas-electric intercrossed apparatus. A gas economy characteristic that contributes to the Insights marvelous scope is the? Idle-stop characteristic. When the auto slows to a halt, and the clasp is disengaged and the transmittal is put in impersonal, the gasolene engine shuts off wholly. The auto becomes dead quiet except for the blowhole fans. When you put the auto in cogwheel and measure on the gas the engine restarts before you notice. The passage from Idle-stop to get down feels seamless. ? ( Will Ryu 3 ) The Honda Insight utilizes the popular nickel-metal hydride battery. Estimated existent universe scope is about 600 stat mis on a full armored combat vehicle. It is able to make this because, ? The penetration uses a? analogue? intercrossed propulsion system alternatively of the? series? intercrossed. The benefit of analogue is that you can take advantage of th e electric and gas motors for what they do good. With proper interaction between the two motors they can work synergistically, going greater than the amount of their parts. ? ( Will Ryu 2 ) Toyotas Prius is besides a intercrossed electric vehicle with a parallel apparatus. The most interesting fact about the Prius is non any of its characteristics, but it? s monetary value. Toyota is selling the Prius for $ 20,000 each. But interestingly adequate it costs between $ 35,000 and $ 40,000 to construct. So for each Prius Toyota produces it is losing on mean $ 16,000. Why is that? Possibly to acquire them out at that place for existent universe trial and consequences. Possibly to acquire consumers hooked on the cheaper Prius other than alternate EV? s so they will remain loyal. That is non of import to the consumer, what is comparative is that the Prius is inexpensive and efficient. It is estimated to acquire 50-66 stat mis per gallon. Its scope is predicted to be approximately 800 stat mis on a individual armored combat vehicle. Prius? most prevailing characteristic besides cost is that it reduces C dioxide emissions about 50 % . Even the ground forces realizes the demand for electric vehicles. Their grounds are different but the consequence is the same. The US ground forces has developed a loanblend every bit good. A intercrossed Hummer. The national defences? Corvette in Camouflage? . ( Bill Moore 1 ) It appears like the standard Humvee on the outside, olive viridity and black disguise. But underneath the goon is where the surprise is. This Humvee is capable of speed uping to rush up to 80 stat mis per hr ( a solid 10mph faster than the standard issue HMMWV ) . It performs 0 to 70 miles per hour in 7 seconds level. Which is literally twice every bit fast as the stock Diesel theoretical account. Both versions have the same 300-mile scope but the new stealing Humvee gets 18miles per gallon while the standard issue Humvee merely gets 9 stat mis per gallon. The Purpose of this version of the Humvee is it? s stealing manner, by tossing a switch on the console the turbo Diesel engine is shut off and the vehicle draws entirely from the battery giving it 20 stat mis in? soundless manner? . ? Silent manner? besides makes the vehicle unseeable to infrared signature because the battery does non make heat as the turbo Diesel engine does. The? Holy Grail? ( Bill Moore, Ford.com ) of new alternate fuels is by far nevertheless the Fuel Cell. William Grove, an English scientist, invented the fuel cell in 1839. Fuel cell engineering was surprisingly simple, at least in theory. ? There are several types of fuel cells, but all consist of two electrodes environing an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and H base on ballss over the other, bring forthing electricity, H2O and heat. ? ( Economist 66 ) The lone waste merchandise of a fuel cell is simply H2O. Fuel cell engineering has been used in such undertakings as the Gemini and Apollo infinite birds. But until late the engineering has been either excessively bulky or excessively expensive for the mean household auto. GM is the first in most probably many to come to bring forth a vehicle powered by a fuel cell. This simple engineering has been a long clip coming, and in GM? s description you can see where the simple engineering of fuel cell gets complicated, ? Fuel cells generate electricity by the chemical combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen in what sums to a sort of contemporary chemistry. The H rich fuel like methyl alcohol is stripped of its H atoms by the fuel-processing unit. Then it is feed into the stack. Merely the H ions ( protons ) are able to migrate across the membrane making H2O vapour. The negatrons remain behind. In the advancement an electrical potency of about one V per cell is generated. Individual cells are so? stacked? together like a bed bar to supply higher voltages. ? ( Bill Moore 1 ) These fuel cells suffer no restrictions like a battery on scope other than the sum of H it can transport. GM? s entry in the fuel cell class is they? re new electric EV? this clip equipped with a fuel cell system. In add-on the auto has 44 nickel-metal hydride batteries. The electricity generated by the fuel cell powers the batteries by reloading them and runs the 137 horsepower initiation thrust train placed in the EV? . The recharge clip on this version of the EV? is about 2 hours since it is non entirely a fuel cell powered auto. The fuel cell EV? has besides been lengthened 19 inches to suit the fuel cell stack and 2 more riders doing it a 4 seater. The fuel cell has been equipped to deduce the H it needs from Methanol. The fuel normally used in high-octane racecars. The fuel cell EV? will acquire about 80 stat mis per gallon and has an estimated existent universe driving scope of about 300 stat mis. There are This engineering seems like scientific discipline fiction but in actuality it? s merely within our appreciation. In the twelvemonth 2000 we do non hold winging autos like some expected but in decision, we are acquiring the following best thing.

Research Paper on the Pros and Cons of Homeschooling Essay Example

Research Paper on the Pros and Cons of Homeschooling Essay Homeschooling is a practice of external education usually involving student parents or hired tutor. The necessity of the homeschooling is stipulated by a few factors; the parents’ lifestyle and the needs of a child. In the family with two working parents, it is practically impossible and senseless to educate the child in external form, as it quite difficult to hire a teacher for all necessary objects. For such form of training, there is necessity in a constantly present adult who will be able to help the child in the educational process, contact an educational establishment if needed, and control academic progress of the child. In most cases, it would one or both of the child parents. The main pros of homeschooling are the following: Absence of the violence from teachers and coevals. There is no limiting necessity to observe unnecessary rules and rituals. There is a possibility to control the moral, ethical and religious views of the child. Possibility to live on a natural biological clock. Possibility to study the special objects, such as rare languages, art, architecture, etc. from the early childhood. Educating process is not so rigorous as that in school, due to relaxing home situation, the risk of school traumas is mionectic, problems with a posture and vision can be timely corrected if started. An individual training program helps bring up a personality in the child. These is close contact between the parents and the children, extraneous influence is eliminated. Possibility to master the school program for less than full school term. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on the Pros and Cons of Homeschooling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on the Pros and Cons of Homeschooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on the Pros and Cons of Homeschooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The cons of homeschooling are: there is no socialization for the child in homeschooling, as there is no collective to experience co-operating with other students. permanent parents control after the process of studies is required. there is no hard discipline, the necessity of permanent work for a whole school day. there is no experience of conflicts with coevals and teacher. there are difficulties with getting the diploma, entering higher educational establishments. the parents not always are able to teach to the exact objects or arts, system of thinking. overprotection by parents can result in infantilism or egocentrism for a child. absence of experience in real life situations can obstruct the beginning of independent life. the child gets used to his onliness. Homeschooling is an optimal variant for the families that are forced to travel a lot, move from a city to a city, for a long time live abroad, in small remote settlements far from decent schools. Homeschooling or partial school attendance is an objective necessity for seriously sick children, having some issues with their development (autism, ADHD) or other disabilities, as well as adopted children with heavy educational neglect. The temporal home educating (for a school year) is part of rehabilitation after heavy stresses, psychological traumatic experience, dangerous diseases, etc. In some situations, it makes sense to privately educate a gifted child with the autistic features of personality. The individual educating hardly befits sociable, active extraverts, as well as the kids lacking initiative, lazy and incapable of self-discipline. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper about Pros and Cons of Homeschooling? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form:

Another meaning for Dope

Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope Another meaning for Dope By Maeve Maddox This headline on Buzzfeed caused me to do a double-take: The 4 Dopest Quotes From Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Marriage  Equality Initially, I thought the article so headed would list quotations considered by the writer to be especially misguided or stupid (i.e., â€Å"dopey†). As I read further, I realized that the writer admired Associate Justice Ginsberg’s opinions as expressed in the quotations. The word dopest was intended as a compliment. The word dope has a long and checkered history in English. In its original use, dope referred to a thick liquid or semi-fluid used as an article of food or as a lubricant. The word is thought to derive from Dutch doop, â€Å"a dipping† or â€Å"a sauce.† The Dutch verb doopen means â€Å"to dip.† Other meanings related to the gooey nature of dope include or have included: A preparation, mixture, or drug which is not specifically named. A varnish applied to the cloth surface of early airplanes to strengthen and keep them taut. A substance added to gasoline or other fuel to increase its efficiency. Opium, â€Å"especially the thick treacle-like preparation used in opium-smoking.† US speakers extended this use of dope to include stupefying drugs and narcotics in general. A medical preparation given to a racehorse for the purpose of affecting its performance. Various figurative meanings have become attached to dope: Information, especially on a particular subject or of a kind not widely disseminated or easily obtained. Information, a statement, etc., designed to gloss over or disguise facts; flattering or misleading talk. Something designed to deceive or bamboozle; a fraudulent design or action; a piece of deception or humbug. A stupid person, a simpleton, a fool. Dope is also used as a verb to mean â€Å"apply or to administer dope in one of its senses.† The use of dope as an adjective entered English slang in the 1980s, by way of rap music: 1981  J. Spicer Money (song) in L. Stanley Rap: the Lyrics (1992) 301  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yo, man, them boys is dope This record is dope.† (OED) As for the word dopest used in the quotation about Justice Ginsberg, it is a slang expression meaning, â€Å"sickest, coolest, tightest, most awesome.† It is not standard usage and does not convey a positive connotation to speakers of standard English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidSocial vs. SocietalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

The Future of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Future of Leadership - Essay Example Reexamining the status of leadership over the past two decades, it is surprising to learn that HRP first released an editorial with the term ‘leadership’ in its heading after more than a decade (Storey 2004). The last twenty years have seen a proliferation of interest in the development of leadership in organizations. Several of the most notable trends and subject matters in the arena of leadership development in the recent two decades are classified either (1) the explosion of strategies in leadership development, or (2) the essence of the emotional quality of a leader with and influence on others (Nahavandi 2003).  One evident pattern over the recent two decades has been the escalating use and understanding of the strength of various developmental skills . Classroom-type leadership exercise is currently matched, or reinforced, with very diverse activities. Action learning is a group of exercises in organization development where in major actual organizational issues are addressed (Rost 1993). Three forms of goals are pursued, according to Palus and Horth: (1) providing assessable organizational outcomes; (2) share knowledge particular to a specific setting, and (3) expanding broader leadership abilities and competencies. Successful action training could range from unsupervised, implicit learning at work to facilitated and planned learning programs to transformations of organizations and individuals.As stated by Ohlott (2004 as cited in Hernez-Broome & Hughes 2004), difficult job assignments are very effective type.... As stated by Ohlott (2004 as cited in Hernez-Broome & Hughes 2004), difficult job assignments are very effective type of leadership development and offer numerous of the developmental prospects in current organizations. The extent of organizational participation in establishing job assignments a component of the process of their leadership development ranges from merely informing people about developmental prospects in their present occupation to a methodical scheme of job rotation (Nahavandi 2003). Making use of job assignments for the objectives of development offers advantages that transcend the mere fact of accomplishing the job and could even provide competitive advantages for the organization (Howell & Costley 2001). Meanwhile, two decades ago, our knowledge of organizational leadership was governed by the traditional two-factor model emphasizing relationship and task patterns (Hernez-Broome & Hughes, 2004). That common model can be typified as inherently transactional, as diff erentiated from a qualitatively distinct model usually characterized as transformational (ibid, p. 24). Transactional leadership is typified by equally advantageous transactions between parties to maximize shared gains including the completion of required organizational duties. The ‘exchange-model nature’ (Hernez-Broome & Hughes, 2004, 24) of transactional leadership has a tendency to generate expected and quite brief results. Transformational leadership stirred the entrenched values and self-worth of subordinates, and resulted in greater degrees of for lower effort and dedication and more permanent change (Nahavandi 2003). Transformational leaders offer interesting images of a better future and encourage trust through

Learning Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Objectives - Essay Example This is why I want to seek out a better understanding of development from a leadership perspective both in economic and social terms. While we know that development has a social benefit, with a leadership role, the economics of development also become an important consideration for those who choose to take up this field. Secondly, development is a field which has been modified significantly in both national and international terms ever since it was first created as a separate discipline. Just by looking at the list of journals and magazines related to development one can see that the advances made in the field have to take their guidelines from many different sciences including sociology, psychology, science, computer technology and statistics. This points us towards the fact that the field is growing and the latest developments in the field as well as understanding their application is very important for those who wish to take leadership roles in development. Finally by learning and examining the practices which worked in the field as compared to those which did not, I hope to learn the best practices and methods which have been successfully applied. Although there is never a miracle pill solution for all problems of development but by knowing the solutions which worked a person can come to certain conclusions about what may also work in a given situation. This is also a learning objective for me since I wish to know how to spot solutions for development problems by understanding what developers in the past have worked with and how they managed to solve any given problem of development. If I am able to apply these learning tools and meet my objectives that I have set for myself, I think that I will be able to call my taking this class a success. At the same time, as I progress through the classes I think that certain objectives may be

Effect of Paradigms on Research Methods

Effect of Paradigms on Research Methods Each paradigm brings a unique view to research and to how reality and all of which it consists should be viewed. No paradigm is more effective than another as each looks at reality differently. Interpretivism is a paradigm which was created as an alternative to Positivism and took an alternative approach to research by encouraging the use of qualitative, in-depth data to create knowledge. The article, The Insider’s Experience of Long-Term Peer Victimisation, by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011), is informed by the Interpretive paradigm as it aims to understand the concept of bullying from a subjective perspective through the use of personal experience. The use of the Interpretivist paradigm influences every aspect of this research from how the topic is viewed, the purpose, how the research problem is presented, the collection of materials, how the data is analysed and displayed as well as the ethical considerations of the research. Interpretivism, similarly to other paradigms, has a unique and distinct view of the world and of how the world should be understood. Interpretivism does not accept reality as it appears at face- value. Instead this paradigm claims that reality consists of people’s subjective experiences of the external world (Terre Blanche Durrheim, Histories of the present: Social science research in context, 2006). This means that a world which is shared by everyone is experienced differently by everyone as each individual applies their own unique perspective and meaning to their experiences and actions. In order to understand this type of reality, the patterns and problems which occur in reality and even solutions to these problems; Interpretivism proposes that research explores people’s subjective experiences and actions and the meanings or reasons they attach to these actions and experiences. In order to conduct research through the Interpretivist paradigm, the researcher must also take a unique stance to reality and to the subjects in the research. The researcher is required to be open and empathetic. Empathy involves attempting to view the beliefs and experiences of other as they themselves would view or experience them. Therefore, the use of empathy will allow for the researcher to fully understand the individual’s subjective experience and the meaning they attached to the experience. Empathy and understanding of the subjective experience can be achieved through the Qualitative methodologies which Interpretivism uses. These methodologies create a subjective relationship between the researcher and the participant which allows the researcher to interpret the data at a deeper, involved level and to form ideas from the interpretations in a mutually – constructed manner (Mottier, 2005). Ultimately, it is important to emphasise that the way the Interpretivist p aradigm sees reality, the way the researcher engages in the research and the various research methods used by this paradigm all work simultaneously and influence the research in order to answer the research question in a particular, desired way. The topic of the study is usually the first part of the research which is decided upon. How the researchers wish to study and understand the topic, however, is influenced by the research paradigm, â€Å"Paradigms are all-encompassing systems of interrelated practise and thinking that define for the researcher the nature of their enquiry† (Terre Blanche Durrheim, Histories of the present: Social science research in context, 2006, p. 6). The topic of the article by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011) revolves around bullying and the experience of bullying. The researchers have chosen to look at the experiences of bullying which requires them to look into the data deeply as the experience of bullying is not simple but an extremely personal experience which has many complex layers and effects to understand. Through this topic, the influence of the chosen paradigm, Interpretivism, begins to immerge. Kelliher (2005) states that Interpretivism is based on the assumption that if people are studied according to their social context, there is a greater chance of understanding the meanings associated with and perceptions they have of their experiences and actions. Therefore, the interpretivist paradigm is perfectly suited to study and understand the concept of bullying as a social action and a social problem experienced by individuals. This is because this paradigm focuses on the meanings underpinning human actions and associated with human experience (Kelliher, 2005). Ultimately, it is clear that how the topic is being viewed and researched is influenced by the Interpretivist paradigm as the researchers have chosen to study bullying in an in-depth manner and to view it from a subjective or personal perspective in order to understand bullying in its entirety. The paradigm informing the research also has an effect on the purpose of the research as the paradigm indicates what type of questions are asked about the topic and the purpose of the research is to ensure that these questions are answered. This idea is supported by Durheim (2006) who states that although the paradigm does not directly define the purpose of the research, it provides a guiding framework for the purpose of the research. The article states that the overall purpose of this research is to improve the understanding of bullying through the personal experiences of bullying victims who have experienced long- term victimization (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). The research is however divided into three sub-questions or purposes in order to gain a full representation of bullying. The first purpose of the research is to understand the victims’ perspectives of what factors contributed to bullying while the second purpose aims to understand the why the victims allow themselves to be continuously subjected to the bullying. The third purpose of the research is to provide information on and discuss various treatments and interventions of bullying. All of these research aims rely heavily on the personal opinions and experiences of the victims. Thus it is evident that Interpretivism plays an indirect role in the formation and fulfilment of these research purposes. This is because these purposes have a qualitative, interpretivist nature as they require the researcher to delve into the experiences of the individuals. Therefore only Interpretative, qualitative methods focusing on individual’s personal experiences can thoroughly and correctly fulfil these purposes. The collection of material in research typically involves the type of sample and participants used, the sampling methods and the methodology used to collect data from this sample group. The methodology used within Interpretivist contains various Qualitative methods which are clearly employed in the research conducted by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011). These interpretivist methodologies had a great impact on the type and number of participants used, how the participants were selected and how the data was retrieved. The participants used in this research had to be victims of bullying and had to have experienced bullying for the majority of the school year. These specifications of the participants are undoubtedly influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research which aims to understand the subjective experiences of individuals and therefore, the research specifically requires the participants to have subjective experiences of bullying which can be analysed and interpreted. The sample population size used in this research was also influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research. Only three participants, one female aged eleven and two males aged twelve and fifteen were selected to take part in the research (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). This is due to the fact that Interpretivism only needs a small amount of participants in order to achieve a meaningful, ethnographic inquiry. This small sample is also influenced by the type of interpretive data analysis which is used, namely Interp retive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). IPA requires an even smaller sample sizes than typical interpretivist research as it analyses the cases of the participants in intense detail rather than using many participants to form generalizations, â€Å"The detailed case-by-case analysis of individual transcripts takes a long time, and the aim of the study is to say something in detail about the perceptions and understandings of this particular group† (Smith Osborn, 2007 , p. 55). Thus, it is clear through the extremely small sample population, that Interpretivism and IPA have had an impact on the number of participants decided to be used. The interpretivist nature of the research requires the research to rely heavily on the participants and their experiences and therefore these participants should be selected extremely carefully (Scotland, 2012). The size of the sample population and the specifications of this population greatly affect the type of sampling used in the research. In the case of this research, only a small sample population, who had personal experiences of being bullied, was needed. Therefore, purposive sampling was used to meticulously select these types of participants. Purposive sampling is the typical sampling method used for interpretive research as it allows for a particular group of participants, for which the research question will significant, to be chosen (Smith Osborn, 2007 ). Ultimately, the use of purposive sampling was influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research as it allowed for the perfect sample population to be selected. The method of data collection is also an aspect of research which is undoubtedly influenced by the paradigm informing the research. Interpretivist research primarily focuses on using the power of ordinary language and expression in order to understand the social world (Terre Blanche, Kelly, Durrheim, 2006). This is achieved through Interpretivist data collection methodologies which are flexiable and yeild indepth, qualitative data; for example interviews, focus groups, observations and role-playing (Scotland, 2012). The semi- structured interview, which is used in Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, is a common type of data collection method informed by the Interpretivist paradigm. This is because a semi- structured interview allows insight on behaviours to surface and also aids in explaining actions and experiences from the individual’s perspectives which is the primary goal of this research. Scotland (2012) further states that semi- structured interviews are unique as they allow the participant to freely express themselves and for the participant to delve deeper into their story. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) article semi- structured interviews are used precisely for this purpose as the research requires the method of data collection to be able to get the particpant to reveal intimite details of their victimization and also to allow for important areas of the topic to be probed. The quote, â€Å"if it gets bad, the teacher will actually say the names of the bullies, and they get really embarrassed †¦ So that usually keeps them down for a few days. Which is a relief for me†, in the article taken from a participants interview cis just one example that shows how the particpant was able to explain and express their feelings around their experience through the interview. The paradigm informing the research instructs the research to use certain participants, collect certain data in a certain way and therefore it also instructs the research on how this data must be analysed. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, the Interpretivist paradigm has influenced the use of the Interpretive technique, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), in order to analyse the data in manner which will yield the results needed. Generally, IPA is used to examine how individuals interpret their world and their experiences and attempts to understand the meaning of these interpretations and experiences. When researching a specfic topics such as bullying, IPA focuses on attempting to understand what the individual believes and feels about the topic and how they have personally experienced the topic and ultimately transforms this information into themes (Chapman Smith, 2002). The use of IPA is clearly seen through the results of the research which used how the individuals described their experiences to generate themes of why the victims felt they were bullied. An example of this is seen through the theme, ‘being different’ which emerged from the interpretive analysis of the victims’ statements such as, â€Å"they tease me about being [name]’s friend, because she’s different† and â€Å"They tease me about being different, because I care for my brother†(Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). IPA is also distinct from other Interpretivist research as it understands that the researcher plays an active role in data analysis as they interpret the participants’ interpretation of their experiences in order to reveal patterns and themes in the data (Smith Osborn, 2007 ). The use of this interpretive technique is evident in the research by Mackay, Carey and Steven (2011) as the researchers regularly discussed the emerging themes throughout the data analysis process in order to assure that they each found were related to the experience of the individual. Thus, the influence if the interpretive paradigm is seen in the data analysis of the research as it allowed for the use of IPA to generate themes. IPA was specifically needed in order to completely understand and interpret the individuals’ experiences but also allowed for themes to be formed based on these three experiences. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, the way in which the themes and findings were presented was based on the interpretive nature of the research. Through the use of IPA, the superordinate themes, ‘experience of victimization’ and ‘Strategies’ and their subthemes were generated and were presented in a very simple thematic table (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). Typical to interpretive research, the thematic table containing the superordinate and subordinate themes is then explained and the themes are described in depth and are supported with statements made by the participant (Chapman Smith, 2002). An example of this is seen when discussing the bullying policy at school which was discovered through the research to be inefficient and was support by statements such as, â€Å"Yeah they had a bullying policy, but nobody abided by it.† (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). Terre Blanche, Kelly, and Durrheim, (2006) further state that Interpreti ve techniques in communicating research findings make use of â€Å"evocative language† which is strong language used to bring about images or feelings (p. 274). In the results of this research the use of descriptions stating that the vicitms had, â€Å"only one or two friends† and that there was an â€Å"unwillingness of teachers to suspend bullies† creates an image of the problem and consequences of the bullying being experienced by the participants. Ultimately, the influence of the Interpretivist paradigm is evident through the thematic table and various linguistic techniques used to discuss the results of the research.

Psychology of nature and nurture debate Essay

The nature and nurture debate investigates the importance of individual natural characteristics and personal experience in explaining the causes in difference in physical behavior. Then the question is; is nature more influential than nurture or vice versa. The debate explains that some behavioral traits are acquired naturally while others are acquired from experience. Physical characteristics are known to be hereditary while individual’s behavior and personality is genetic. The debate has never created boundaries yet on what within us is described by the DNA and what part is through life experience, though it’s obvious that both play great roles in molding us. The nature theory of human development states that the way people behave and think is due to genetic hereditary while the nurture theory according to scientist, the way people think and behave is as result of education; they were are trained to do. Both the theories are correct in explaining the development of human beings; â€Å"nature provides us with inborn traits and abilities and nurture takes the genetic tendencies and molds them as people learn and mature†(Fausto, 1992 p, 269). This is not the end of debate but scientists are ever trying to determine what percentage of we is molded by genes and how much by environment. Biological explanations associate human behavior with â€Å"brain structure hormones or genes†. Development of brain structure is influenced by hormones which are instructed by genes, hence our behavior are genetically molded. In some senses the exact opposite of biological essentialism is the notion that the individual is a vessel waiting for culture and environment to fill it† (Dyer, 1977 p, 330). Socialist believes that human conduct is social in origin, that is individuals learn everything from environment as they mature. Gender difference is due to training and social forces with only sex difference being inborn. Gender difference is the biological and physiological aspects of males and female that makes each group distinct from the other in all species. The gender difference in human beings could be as result of nature or environmental influence (nurture). Every time a baby is born, everybody would ask whether, a boy or a girl. This is to say that gender difference is evidenced from birth. The biological difference is associated with nature while the physiological difference in male and female is attributed to nurture. Psychologists believe that gender is influenced by environment; the way our parent, friends and relative treats us. â€Å"Our gender is consequences of the nurture we receive as children† (Deaux, 1993 p, 126). Some human attributes are nature created (physical body), others are due to nurture (naming people) while others are either natural or environmentally caused. Many theories explain differently on the causes of the difference between women and men. Evolutionary theory of sex suggests that the gender difference has long way ranging from generation inheritance and environmental variability. The gender theory advocates that boys and girls grown in different families and cultures thus they learn much on behaviors and attitude from their families and society, hence gender difference are outcome of socialization. Therefore we can conclude that gender difference is partially due to nature and to some extend environmentally instigated. From biblical readings, we learn that gender difference is God’s creation since he created a man and a woman in his likeness. Some feminist believe that gender difference is as result of discrimination of society against the female gender. Over time women have been oppressed, discriminated and harassed in many cultures. Men and women differ from each other in skills behavior and attitudes. Most cultures have molded men and women in different forms with some cultures viewing men being great than women although this views are changing with socialization. Gender difference, is evidenced as people mature and grow under various environments. Various studies show that there in greater difference between men and women in places of work, abilities and adaptations to situations. You will find that in schools boys are better than girls in certain subjects such mathematics. Researchers believe this is due to ability of student but not gender issues as it is thought to be. According to sociologist men are more aggressive, physically strong and are more likely to take risks than women. As result of men risk taking tendency you will find that their jobs are more risky than those of women. â€Å"Men are more aggression than women† (Secherpr& Constantine, 1993) and men are likely to show their aggression physically than women. Some researches show that women are also aggressive but tend to show their aggression in less physical ways. In most case you find that more men are convicted in crimes especially crime with violence than women. In communication men tend to talk less in public than women. Men are shy when it comes to talking g while facing each other; that is, men to men and women to women perspective. It has been generalized that women are; emotionally expressive and responsive, more sensible to others feelings and pay a lot of attention on their bodies. Women also express more love, fear and sadness, laugh and smile more and â€Å"anticipate negative consequences for expressing hunger† (Kreeger, 2000 p, 25). On other hand men have been generalized to; express more anger, control their feelings and try to content with their feelings. Many studies have been carried out on gender difference when expressing emotions in different cultures. The difference according to many is attributed to different â€Å"social roles that women and men play in their society† (Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974), status and power each group hold in their cultures. â€Å"Popular stereotype has it that women are more emotional than men† (Lippa, 2005 p, 24). Emotions people express is usually due to their relationship and interactions. Men and women tend to express varying degrees of emotions when under certain situation. Male players’ displays more masculine emotions while female players express feminine emotions† (Shields, 2000 p, 4). Women are more likely to identify others emotions fast than men. Researchers suggest that, this woman ability is more innate than caused by socialization. â€Å"Women are more accurate than men in judging emotions meaning from nonverbal cues than men† (Lippa, 2005). Nonverbal expressions include looking on eyes, lips and eyebrows. Some scientists believe this difference is due to biological explanations while others suggest it as result of organizations of roles in the society. In fact, many researches finds have found very small differences† (Deaux, 1993 p, 126). Our bodies display many biological differences in mind both in metabolism and genetic expressions. Again it’s true that there is great difference between men and women in modern society, therefore these differences should not be basis for isolation of certain group. Even though, there exist gender difference in our societies every woman is expected to behave like woman and men as men.

Expresso Espresso Essay

The specialty coffee industry had seen steady growth for years and the trend was expected to continue until at least 2015. Of the various segments within the specialty coffee industry, most of the growth was attributable to beverage retailers â€Å"Coffee and kiosks†. In 1979 there were approximately 250 specialty coffee retailers. The number quadrupled by 1989 to approx 1000 outlets, and it exploded to roughly 15000 by 2002. Nationally, specialty coffee sales totaled over $ 10 billion in 2005. For specialty coffee beverage services, including coffee, espresso, tea, chai and granite the leading drinks in 2004 were espresso-based beverages with average with an average of $50395/store. The second best selling drinks were drip-brewed coffee beverages at $ 333336 / Store, and the third were cold and iced coffee beverages with an average of $22061 / Store. b- The Industry According to the national coffee association, 54 % of adults in America consumed coffee daily, with over 18 % buying specialty coffee beverages. Specialty coffee buyers were generally more affluent, well educated, and worked in urban areas. Research indicates that individuals with college degrees purchased almost 50 % more specialty coffee more than those without college degrees. The link to education was even greater for people with some postgraduate education. In addition to education, households with two working parents and kids were more likely to purchase specialty coffee. Accordingly the market was an educated urban resident with disposable income to spend on fine coffee. 1- Rival of competitors Starbucks cooperation was the premier coffee retailer in the USA. Industry analysis generally credited it for popularizing specialty coffee and legitimizing higher drink prices. Starbucks expect revenues to grow 20 % / year and to increase its dominating 40 % market share. Starbucks has strong profits and cash flow that it planned to use to open company owned and licensed stores domestically and abroad. Diedrich coffee roasted and sold various brands of coffee through company retail stores and through  distributors, restaurants, mail order, and specialty stores. It is a company with revenue of 52.5 M in 2005 with growth 3 % more than 2004. Caribou coffee went public in 2005 reporting sales of $ 191 M in 2005. The firm expects to add 40 new outlets in 2005 and another 130 in 2006. Coffee Beanery was a franchise; with over 200 branches in 2005 expect 40 new stores in 2006. Peet coffee & Tea was another competitor with 111 retail stores. Also there were large restaurants trying to fin d ways to capitalize on the specialty coffee industry i.e.: Macdonalds, Krisspy, Dunkin, Donuts †¦.. 2- Threat of substitute product As mentioned above, the specialty coffee industry had seen steady growth for years and the trend was expected to continue. 3- Bargaining power of Suppliers There is no mention of suppliers in the case 4- Threat of new entrants Entering the market requires heavy investment in establishing a name and make lots of outlets. It is a growing market with lots of pioneers that can make branches anywhere and threat the other chain in there selling areas. 5- Bargaining power of buyers There is a threat of bargaining power of buyers as there is a lot of competitors, which give the choice to convert from one chain to another. Moreover, chains are working strongly in the promotion, price, opening branches everywhere, developing the product, and cares regarding quality. It is a hard competition. c- The Organization The specialty coffee industry had seen steady growth for years and the trend was expected to continue until at least 2015. Of the various segments within the specialty coffee industry, most of the growth was attributable to beverage retailers â€Å"Coffee and kiosks†. In 1979 there were approximately 250 specialty coffee retailers. The number quadrupled by 1989 to approx 1000 outlets, and it exploded to roughly 15000 by 2002. Nationally, specialty coffee sales totaled over $ 10 billion in 2005. For specialty coffee beverage services, including coffee, espresso, tea, chai and granite the leading drinks in 2004 were espresso-based beverages with average with an  average of $50395/store. The second best selling drinks were drip-brewed coffee beverages at $ 333336 / Store, and the third were cold and iced coffee beverages with an average of $22061 / Store. d- The marketing strategy 1- Product Todd tried to remain the purist in developing his product. He preferred to make fresh drinks from Espresso instead of drip-brewed coffee although it is less cost. Expresso menu offered traditional European style which is half caramel and half chocolate. Todd was following starbucks new product developments since people use to come and ask him for the same. i.e.; green tea cappuccino, iced tea, spiced cappuccino, pumpkin cappuccino and eggnog cappuccino. In addition to traditional coffee drinks, the shop also sold teas, smoothies and muffins, lemon bars, cookies and brownies. Todd did not present sandwiches or soups. Also he presented retail items such as T-shirts and coffee mugs with humorous coffee related sayings on them. 2- Prices Todd went looking at everyone else’s prices. He made sure that his prices were 10 % lower than any competitor. He believed that having a low price was important in attracting new customers. 3- Promotion Todd offered product with prices 10 % less than competitors as he thinks it is more direct than using a â€Å"buyer cards† used by competitors. He says to customers â€Å"Our prices are already 10 % lower than everybody so I am giving you a discount now† Other promotion, Expresso Espresso advertised on the local radio station that Todd believed it had a strong student’s audience. In addition the company placed ads in the campus. Flyers typically showed the menu and contained a 10 % off coupons. Another promotion idea , Todd was having live music. Band play was on Fridays and Saturdays nights during summer. 4- Publicity Todd created a policy whereby he would give away all tips. A huge coffee cup sat on the front counter with a sign indicating the charity of the week. Todd would collect whatever people chose to give and pass it on to good cause. The local paper considered this approach so novel that it ran an article on the practice. Customers had the opportunity to help others as they treated themselves. This had a considerable Feel good value for those participating. e- Primary Problem The specialty coffee industry had seen steady growth for years and the trend was expected to continue until at least 2015. Of the various segments within the specialty coffee industry, most of the growth was attributable to beverage retailers â€Å"Coffee and kiosks†. f- Secondary Problem There is a huge competition, and competitors such as Starbucks and other big companies are getting outlets everywhere expanding to get a higher market share. Expresso Espresso got another competitor â€Å"Satori Coffee House† half a mile away, also Carpe Diem is another competitor near to it, third one is Daily Gring which is very near to the University of South Alabama, Beaners is a franchise operation competing with Expresso Espresso. Perhaps the competitor that worried Todd the most was Starbucks. It is located in the busiest road in Mobil, which announced plans to build a drive through store on old shell road about 400 feet east of Expresso Espresso. Todd was concerned that Starbucks would take customers from Expresso’s drive through window. g- Alternative Solutions The importance of complete the order within 45 sec. for the drive through. The consistent of serving high quality drinks, although the expensive ingredients they put but better taste. The kitchen should support making items like breakfast foods and sandwiches; expected spending on kitchen development can increase by 30% of fixed asset. The expected increase in sales would be from 15 to 20% as of the increase in the current market. Todd must start work in financials to understand what sales he need to reach profitability. Keep invest in advertising and PR.

Television And The Internet Advertising - 1427 Words

Television and the internet ads on use of marijuana Rhetorical Analysis Television and the internet is a good channel of passing the messages about the adverse effects of the use of marijuana. The office of the National Drug Control Policy is an American government action which depends on safeguards the health of the people of America. The above the influence initiative is a program of the not-for-profit Partnership at Drugfree.org. Their overall goal is to help teens reject negative influences of drug and alcohol. The initiative is a friendly site for the youths since it uses favorable language and identifies with the youth s lifestyle while trying to change it. Drug abuse affects everyone in the society from the young to the old. However, in recent years, the abuse of marijuana has majorly been linked to teens. Is because of the peer-pressure that spreads at an alarming rate. In the current digital world, youths are looking for information over the internet, as opposed to hard copy newspapers and magazines. The internet or the TV is mostly used by tee ns and adults in looking for new information. Advertisers on the internet compete to catch the eye of the readers. I choose two advertisements that warn people not to smoke the marijuana. The two advertisements are on the office of the National Drug Control Policy advertisement, and the other is an â€Å"above the influence. The two sites have different audiences with the latter have more appeal for the youths.Show MoreRelated‚Äà ºMass Media (Television, the Internet, Advertising) Influence Youth Too Much Nowadays.‚Äà ¹ to What Extent Is This True?794 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mass media (television, the internet, advertising) influence youth too much nowadays.† To what extent is this true? In the recent years, the prevalence of mass media has been undeniable. 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